Patients with rheumatic heart disease, if they find they have caught a cold, should go to the hospital for an examination as soon as possible, including blood tests and an electrocardiogram. If a viral infection is suspected, antiviral treatment should be administered promptly. If a bacterial infection is suspected, antibiotics should be given promptly to control the infection. This can prevent the cold from turning into a lower respiratory tract infection or pneumonia. Because if a cold is not treated in time, it often can trigger an episode of heart failure in patients with rheumatic heart disease and can also lead to a further aggravation of rheumatic disease. Therefore, patients with rheumatic heart disease should prevent infections, and the use of long-acting penicillin once a month is very necessary.