Can acute heart failure be fatal?

Written by Zhou Yan
Geriatrics
Updated on June 03, 2025
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The answer is affirmative. Acute heart failure is a very dangerous and serious clinical syndrome in cardiovascular diseases. Generally speaking, it is characterized by a significant decrease in the cardiac contractile function and an increased cardiac load, leading to a sharp drop in acute cardiac output, a sudden increase in pulmonary circulation pressure, and increased resistance in peripheral circulation. This results in acute pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edema and may be accompanied by insufficient perfusion of tissues and organs and a clinical syndrome of cardiogenic shock. Therefore, it can be fatal, and if not addressed promptly or adequately, it often has a high mortality rate.

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Written by Zhang Yue Mei
Cardiology
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What is a good diet for heart failure?

Heart failure is one of the most common complications of various organic heart diseases. After the onset of heart failure, it is necessary to use effective medications to treat the primary disease causing the heart failure. At the same time, methods such as cardiotonics, diuretics, and vasodilators should be used to reduce the burden on the heart as much as possible and correct heart failure in a timely manner. Patients with heart failure should rest, keep calm, and avoid overexertion in daily life. Their diet should primarily consist of low-fat and low-salt foods, and they should abstain from smoking and drinking alcohol. They should avoid spicy foods, pickled foods, and overly salty foods. Eating overly salty foods can increase blood volume, increase the burden on the heart, and worsen heart failure. (The use of medications should be conducted under the guidance of a professional doctor.)

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Written by Wang Li Bing
Intensive Care Medicine Department
1min 21sec home-news-image

How is acute heart failure treated?

Acute heart failure presents with significant respiratory distress and symptoms of hypoxia. Immediate intervention is necessary to alleviate breathing difficulties. Clinically, the following measures are generally adopted: First, position the patient to sit up with legs dangling to decrease venous return to the heart. Second, administer high-flow oxygen through a nasal cannula, and if necessary, proceed with endotracheal intubation and ventilator support. Third, administer morphine subcutaneously or intravenously to reduce agitation and myocardial oxygen demand. Fourth, use rapid diuretics, such as furosemide. Fifth, utilize vasodilators such as nitroglycerin or nitroprusside. Sixth, use positive inotropic agents such as dopamine or dobutamine as appropriate. Seventh, employ digitalis drugs, but avoid use in acute myocardial infarction within the first 24 hours. Eighth, consider using an intra-aortic balloon pump or other cardiopulmonary support systems, etc., and after stabilization of acute heart failure, further treat the underlying cause, etc. (Use medications under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Wang Li Bing
Intensive Care Medicine Department
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Acute heart failure typical symptoms

The typical symptoms of acute heart failure include sudden severe difficulty breathing, increased respiratory rate, and patients generally presenting a forced sitting position, with pale, grayish complexion and cyanotic lips. They often have profuse sweating, restlessness, frequent coughing, and coughing up pink frothy sputum. The condition can be critical, leading to consciousness disturbances due to lack of oxygen. Once acute heart failure occurs, active treatment is essential. The most common clinical approaches include strengthening the heart, diuresis, and vasodilation for symptomatic active management.

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Written by Zhou Yan
Geriatrics
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Can acute heart failure be cured?

Acute heart failure refers to the acute onset or exacerbation of a clinical syndrome of heart failure, manifested as either acute onset of new heart failure or acute worsening of chronic heart failure. The goal of treatment is to improve symptoms, stabilize hemodynamic status, protect vital organ functions, improve prognosis, and prevent recurrence. Because the ischemia and hypoxia during an acute heart failure episode, along with severe respiratory distress, are life-threatening, urgent intervention is required. However, whether it can be cured depends on the underlying disease. Since the underlying disease is already present, it cannot be completely cured, but clinical symptoms and prognosis can be improved.

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Written by Jia Qiu Ju
Cardiology
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Are heart failure and cardiac failure the same thing?

Heart failure and cardiac failure are the same, but in clinical standard diagnosis, it is called heart failure, or congestive heart failure, which can be divided into left heart failure, right heart failure, and total heart failure. Heart failure is a group of clinical syndromes caused by the gradual progression and aggravation of a condition in the presence of an underlying disease. Underlying diseases include hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, valvular heart disease, and pericardial disease, etc. Initially, there is a significant decline in activity levels; even slightly more activity can cause chest tightness, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Severe cases may be accompanied by episodes of respiratory distress, and as the condition progressively worsens, the aforementioned symptoms can occur even at rest. Heart failure currently still utilizes the New York Heart Association functional classification, which is divided into four stages, with stage four being the most severe heart failure.