Acute heart failure presents with significant respiratory distress and symptoms of hypoxia. Immediate intervention is necessary to alleviate breathing difficulties. Clinically, the following measures are generally adopted:

First, position the patient to sit up with legs dangling to decrease venous return to the heart.

Second, administer high-flow oxygen through a nasal cannula, and if necessary, proceed with endotracheal intubation and ventilator support.

Third, administer morphine subcutaneously or intravenously to reduce agitation and myocardial oxygen demand.

Fourth, use rapid diuretics, such as furosemide.

Fifth, utilize vasodilators such as nitroglycerin or nitroprusside.

Sixth, use positive inotropic agents such as dopamine or dobutamine as appropriate.

Seventh, employ digitalis drugs, but avoid use in acute myocardial infarction within the first 24 hours.

Eighth, consider using an intra-aortic balloon pump or other cardiopulmonary support systems, etc., and after stabilization of acute heart failure, further treat the underlying cause, etc.

(Use medications under the guidance of a doctor.)