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Pulmonary embolism
Can a pulmonary embolism be detected by an X-ray?
Pulmonary embolism cannot be detected by X-ray. Although in rare cases, some signs might appear on an X-ray, such as localized sparse lung markings, these signs are typically not characteristic. For conditions like pulmonary embolism, color Doppler ultrasound can be used to assist in diagnosis. If the ultrasound suggests deep vein thrombosis in the legs along with pulmonary hypertension, it indicates a high possibility of pulmonary embolism. Additionally, testing for D-dimer and blood gas analysis can also help in diagnosing pulmonary embolism. CT pulmonary angiography can also be used to diagnose the condition. CT and pulmonary angiography have a high diagnostic value for pulmonary embolism, and most cases can be definitively diagnosed through these tests.
Can pulmonary embolism cause bloating and abdominal distension?
Pulmonary embolism can, in rare cases, cause bloating and abdominal distension. The primary clinical manifestations of pulmonary embolism are chest tightness and difficulty breathing. Severe pulmonary embolism can also lead to a drop in blood pressure and sometimes may even cause the patient to faint. However, it is important to note that in severe cases of pulmonary embolism, patients may also experience abdominal distension. Patients with pulmonary embolism might also have acute pulmonary heart disease, which could include symptoms of gastrointestinal congestion. In such cases, patients may experience abdominal bloating. Additionally, there is a special condition known as chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, where patients may experience chronic pulmonary heart disease and chronic hypoxia, which can also lead to abdominal distension.
What are the early symptoms of pulmonary embolism?
The early symptoms of pulmonary embolism are clinically diverse and often non-specific. Mild cases may not present any symptoms at all. Common symptoms include the following: 1. Unexplained difficulty in breathing; 2. Pain in the precordial region; 3. Some patients initially present with fainting as the first clinical symptom; 4. Some patients may also experience irritability, fear, or a near-death feeling; 5. Early symptoms can also include coughing, coughing up blood, and palpitations. Pulmonary embolism is a critical condition in clinical settings. Once it occurs, it is essential to go to the hospital promptly for an accurate diagnosis and to receive effective treatment to avoid severe clinical consequences.
Will acute pulmonary embolism get better in two days?
Acute pulmonary embolism is a type of disease with very many and complex inducing factors. Clinically, acute pulmonary embolism has a very sudden onset, and patients often present with unexplained symptoms such as pale complexion, chest tightness, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. During the acute phase of pulmonary embolism, immediate and effective anti-shock and other symptomatic resuscitation are essential upon arrival at the hospital. Generally, after timely and effective resuscitation, the patient's condition may be somewhat controlled. Usually, the first 1-3 days after the onset of pulmonary embolism are the most dangerous; therefore, continuous monitoring of the patient's vital signs is crucial during this time, followed by anti-shock and anticoagulation treatment as needed. Therefore, acute pulmonary embolism will not improve by the second day, although some of the patient's clinical symptoms may slightly improve after treatment.
What are the symptoms when pulmonary embolism becomes severe?
Pulmonary embolism can vary in severity, with serious cases primarily causing unstable vital signs. The disease primarily arises from venous thrombi in the venous system, which travel with the venous blood back to the right heart, and then with the blood flow from the right heart back to the aorta. If the thrombus is relatively large, it can easily become lodged in the pulmonary artery, forming a pulmonary embolism. The symptoms of pulmonary embolism can range from mild to severe. Based on the patient's symptoms and vital signs, pulmonary embolism is categorized into low risk, intermediate risk, and high risk. Low and intermediate risk typically indicate that the patient's vital signs are relatively stable, with normal blood pressure, heart rate, and pulse oximetry saturation. In severe cases, patients may exhibit noticeable symptoms such as coughing up blood, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, shock, and oliguria. These represent the more severe cases of pulmonary embolism.
How is pulmonary embolism caused in young people?
Common causes of pulmonary embolism in young people include the following aspects: First, fractures, especially fractures of the lower limbs, are prone to deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism; Second, thrombophilia, some young people due to congenital genetic factors, which can lead to easy formation of blood clots in arteries or veins, and potentially increase the incidence of pulmonary embolism; Third, prolonged immobilization, such as long periods of sitting, can lead to slow blood flow in the lower limbs, which might result in deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism; Fourth, other factors like severe infections could also trigger pulmonary embolism; furthermore, the risk of pulmonary embolism is also higher in pregnant women during the perinatal period.
Is there a relationship between pulmonary embolism and lung cancer?
Pulmonary embolism and lung cancer can be related; common causes of pulmonary embolism include amniotic fluid embolism, air embolism, and deep vein thrombosis. In patients with lung cancer, when cancerous emboli enter the bloodstream, they can cause pulmonary embolism. Additionally, if the patient's condition is poor, with difficulties in eating, prolonged bed rest, and increased blood viscosity, deep vein thrombosis can occur, leading to pulmonary embolism. Therefore, there is no absolute relationship between pulmonary embolism and lung cancer, but lung cancer may trigger pulmonary embolism.
Why should one lie flat for acute pulmonary embolism?
When acute pulmonary embolism occurs, it is primarily due to a thrombus from the venous system being carried by the venous blood flow back to the right heart, and then due to the ejection from the right heart, this thrombus gets lodged in the pulmonary artery, forming a pulmonary embolism. After the onset of pulmonary embolism, the primary treatment measure is to have the patient lie down and remain still. The reason is mainly that if the patient is standing or moving, it is very likely that the thrombus in the venous system could continue to detach and move within the venous system. This can worsen the symptoms of pulmonary embolism or lead to new embolic sites, so the treatment for the patient involves immobilization and lying down to avoid further movement, making this the most basic approach to treatment.
How to determine if a pulmonary embolism is acute or chronic?
Pulmonary embolism can be distinguished between acute and chronic based on the duration of the patient's illness, symptoms, and supplemental examinations. Typically, patients with acute pulmonary embolism have no prior similar symptoms and suddenly experience severe symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, and coughing up blood. Additionally, through supplemental examinations like blood tests, abdominal ultrasound, and pulmonary artery CT angiography, it is possible to determine whether the thrombus is fresh or old. In contrast, chronic pulmonary embolism often presents with prolonged symptoms. Patients usually do not experience chest pain or cough, and the main issue is chronic breathing difficulty. In severe cases, pulmonary heart disease may occur, and patients may have swelling in the face and limbs. Ultrasound and pulmonary artery CT angiography can reveal the characteristics of the thrombus, which differ from those seen in acute pulmonary embolism. Thus, these examinations can help determine whether the condition is acute or chronic.
What are the symptoms of a pulmonary embolism warning sign?
Pulmonary embolism is also very common in clinical settings, mainly seen in patients who have been bedridden for a long time, undergone various major surgeries, suffered from long bone fractures, pregnancy, etc. In the early stages of pulmonary embolism, patients generally experience varying degrees of chest pain, hemoptysis, and difficulty breathing, among others. If pulmonary embolism is suspected and the patient's condition permits, a pulmonary artery CTA scan should be immediately carried out to further confirm the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. If the pulmonary embolism has already caused circulatory disturbances, thrombolytic therapy should then be considered.