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Heart failure
Why do we need to supplement potassium for heart failure?
Potassium ions are very important in the cardiac muscle cells, playing a critical role in maintaining the stability of the electrical activity of these cells. Thus, in conditions like heart failure or other cardiovascular diseases, it is essential to keep potassium levels within a certain range in order to reduce serious cardiac events. When potassium levels fall, cardiac electrical activity can become disordered, potentially leading to a sudden cardiac arrest. This is particularly the case in heart failure where the cardiac muscle cells are in a diseased state, making them more sensitive to low potassium levels. Thus, they are more prone to sudden cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death. Therefore, for cardiovascular diseases, particularly heart failure, there is a high priority on supplementing potassium, generally increasing it to above 4.0 and even around 4.5 to be safe. Additionally, patients with heart failure often have poor diets, leading to lower potassium intake and consumption of potassium-rich foods, necessitating pharmacological potassium supplementation. Heart failure patients frequently use diuretics, which can lead to higher potassium loss, thus requiring additional potassium supplementation. For these reasons, potassium supplementation is particularly emphasized in patients with heart failure.
Can acute heart failure be cured?
Acute heart failure refers to the acute onset or exacerbation of a clinical syndrome of heart failure, manifested as either acute onset of new heart failure or acute worsening of chronic heart failure. The goal of treatment is to improve symptoms, stabilize hemodynamic status, protect vital organ functions, improve prognosis, and prevent recurrence. Because the ischemia and hypoxia during an acute heart failure episode, along with severe respiratory distress, are life-threatening, urgent intervention is required. However, whether it can be cured depends on the underlying disease. Since the underlying disease is already present, it cannot be completely cured, but clinical symptoms and prognosis can be improved.
What is a good diet for heart failure?
Heart failure is one of the most common complications of various organic heart diseases. After the onset of heart failure, it is necessary to use effective medications to treat the primary disease causing the heart failure. At the same time, methods such as cardiotonics, diuretics, and vasodilators should be used to reduce the burden on the heart as much as possible and correct heart failure in a timely manner. Patients with heart failure should rest, keep calm, and avoid overexertion in daily life. Their diet should primarily consist of low-fat and low-salt foods, and they should abstain from smoking and drinking alcohol. They should avoid spicy foods, pickled foods, and overly salty foods. Eating overly salty foods can increase blood volume, increase the burden on the heart, and worsen heart failure. (The use of medications should be conducted under the guidance of a professional doctor.)
Common causes of heart failure
Heart failure is a syndrome that occurs when various structural or functional cardiac diseases impair ventricular filling or ejection function. Once heart failure occurs, medical treatment should be sought promptly. Common causes of heart failure mainly include the following points. The first category is primary myocardial damage, which mainly includes coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy, among others. The second major category is cardiac load, such as excessive pressure load, commonly seen in hypertension, aortic valve stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, etc.; and excessive volume load, mainly found in cardiac valve insufficiency and congenital heart disease, among others.
Compensatory mechanisms of acute heart failure
There are several compensatory methods for acute heart failure. The first is mechanical ventilation, including non-invasive mechanical ventilation and tracheal intubation. Mechanical ventilation is commonly referred to as assisted breathing with a ventilator. The second is continuous renal replacement therapy, commonly known as total ultrafiltration, which can be used to remove excess fluid and metabolic waste from the body. The third is intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, which can effectively improve myocardial perfusion, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, and increase cardiac output. The fourth is extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, commonly known as ECMO, which provides external cardiopulmonary support when the heart cannot maintain systemic perfusion or when the kidneys cannot adequately exchange gases. The fifth is the implantable left ventricular assist device, which can maintain peripheral perfusion during acute heart failure and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, thus reducing cardiac injury. These five methods can provide compensatory treatment when drug therapy is ineffective for patients with acute heart failure.
Can heart failure cause suffocation?
Heart failure is caused by various reasons leading to the heart's blood supply being relatively or absolutely insufficient, causing a series of pathological and physiological disorders in patients. Patients often manifest symptoms like difficulty breathing, tightness in breath, and even a feeling of suffocation. However, generally, the symptoms caused by heart failure are not these. This is because suffocation occurs due to airway narrowing or the narrow space around the patient, leading to insufficient oxygen intake, causing a series of syndromes. Therefore, although people with heart failure feel suffocated, they are not actually suffocating; it is just a manifestation of inadequate circulatory supply.
Triggers of acute heart failure
The triggers of acute heart failure include the following aspects: Respiratory infections are the most common and important trigger, and infective endocarditis is also not uncommon. However, due to its concealed onset, it is easily underdiagnosed. The second is arrhythmia, among which atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmias in organic heart disease and is also an important factor leading to heart failure. Additionally, rapid arrhythmias can also cause acute heart failure. The third is an increase in blood volume, such as excessive salt intake or excessive or rapid intravenous fluid administration. The fourth is excessive physical exertion or emotional excitement, such as during late pregnancy or childbirth. The fifth aspect is improper treatment, inappropriate use of diuretics or antihypertensive drugs, which can also trigger an episode of acute heart failure. Furthermore, whether it is an exacerbation of existing heart disease or complications with other diseases, such as coronary heart disease with myocardial infarction, rheumatic disease becoming active, or complications with hyperthyroidism or anemia, can all cause acute heart failure.
Can childbirth lead to heart failure?
Childbirth refers to the delivery of a fetus through vaginal delivery or cesarean section, and it represents a significant strain on a woman’s heart. Regardless of the type of delivery, there is a possibility of leading to heart failure to some extent. Especially during the second stage of labor, pregnant women often exert greater effort, significantly increasing the load on the heart. If there is poor heart function or pre-existing cardiac disease, it could lead to heart failure. In some cases, if the heart disease is severe and cannot withstand delivery, a cesarean section must be chosen. However, cesarean delivery can also lead to heart failure, mainly due to a large amount of blood flowing back to the peripheral circulation from the uterus after the fetus is delivered, causing a significant increase in the preload on the heart and easily leading to the onset of heart failure.
Can heart failure be cured?
We say that some early-stage heart failure can be cured, such as peripartum cardiomyopathy and thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy. If discovered and treated early, there is hope for a cure. However, most heart failure cannot be cured. Although some psychological failures cannot be cured, if patients can receive early treatment and effective treatment, take their medication on time, and have regular check-ups as advised by their doctor, most heart failure can still be controlled or alleviated. However, if heart failure is detected and not actively treated, even mild heart failure may gradually worsen, or even become end-stage heart failure.
Clinical manifestations of heart failure
Heart failure is divided into left heart failure, right heart failure, and total heart failure. Left heart failure mainly manifests as exertional dyspnea or nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea. It is often accompanied by palpitations, orthopnea, coughing, coughing up pink frothy sputum, accompanied by palpitations, fatigue, etc. Right heart failure primarily presents with symptoms of the digestive system, such as abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, edema, oliguria, etc. Once heart failure occurs, active treatment must be administered. In clinical practice, treatments mainly include cardiotonics, diuretics, vasodilators, and other symptomatic treatments.