Triggers of acute heart failure

Written by Zhou Yan

Geriatrics

Updated on November 09, 2024

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The triggers of acute heart failure include the following aspects:

Respiratory infections are the most common and important trigger, and infective endocarditis is also not uncommon. However, due to its concealed onset, it is easily underdiagnosed.

The second is arrhythmia, among which atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmias in organic heart disease and is also an important factor leading to heart failure. Additionally, rapid arrhythmias can also cause acute heart failure.

The third is an increase in blood volume, such as excessive salt intake or excessive or rapid intravenous fluid administration.

The fourth is excessive physical exertion or emotional excitement, such as during late pregnancy or childbirth.

The fifth aspect is improper treatment, inappropriate use of diuretics or antihypertensive drugs, which can also trigger an episode of acute heart failure.

Furthermore, whether it is an exacerbation of existing heart disease or complications with other diseases, such as coronary heart disease with myocardial infarction, rheumatic disease becoming active, or complications with hyperthyroidism or anemia, can all cause acute heart failure.

Other Voices

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Written by Wang Li Bing

Intensive Care Medicine Department

45sec

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What medicine is used for acute heart failure?

The most common clinical manifestation of acute heart failure is severe dyspnea, hypoxia, and even changes in consciousness, which are very common in clinical practice. For treatment, morphine can be administered intravenously or subcutaneously to reduce patient agitation and relieve myocardial oxygen consumption. Secondly, plastic can be used for rapid intravenous push. Thirdly, vasodilators can be used, such as glyceryl trinitrate and sodium nitroprusside intravenous infusion. Fourthly, positive inotropic drugs can be used, such as dopamine and dobutamine. Additionally, cardiac glycosides, such as digoxin, can be used.

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Written by Zhou Yan

Geriatrics

1min 19sec

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Compensatory mechanisms of acute heart failure

There are several compensatory methods for acute heart failure. The first is mechanical ventilation, including non-invasive mechanical ventilation and tracheal intubation. Mechanical ventilation is commonly referred to as assisted breathing with a ventilator. The second is continuous renal replacement therapy, commonly known as total ultrafiltration, which can be used to remove excess fluid and metabolic waste from the body. The third is intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, which can effectively improve myocardial perfusion, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, and increase cardiac output. The fourth is extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, commonly known as ECMO, which provides external cardiopulmonary support when the heart cannot maintain systemic perfusion or when the kidneys cannot adequately exchange gases. The fifth is the implantable left ventricular assist device, which can maintain peripheral perfusion during acute heart failure and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, thus reducing cardiac injury. These five methods can provide compensatory treatment when drug therapy is ineffective for patients with acute heart failure.

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Written by Fan Yan Fu

Cardiology

1min 23sec

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Why do we need to supplement potassium for heart failure?

Potassium ions are very important in the cardiac muscle cells, playing a critical role in maintaining the stability of the electrical activity of these cells. Thus, in conditions like heart failure or other cardiovascular diseases, it is essential to keep potassium levels within a certain range in order to reduce serious cardiac events. When potassium levels fall, cardiac electrical activity can become disordered, potentially leading to a sudden cardiac arrest. This is particularly the case in heart failure where the cardiac muscle cells are in a diseased state, making them more sensitive to low potassium levels. Thus, they are more prone to sudden cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death. Therefore, for cardiovascular diseases, particularly heart failure, there is a high priority on supplementing potassium, generally increasing it to above 4.0 and even around 4.5 to be safe. Additionally, patients with heart failure often have poor diets, leading to lower potassium intake and consumption of potassium-rich foods, necessitating pharmacological potassium supplementation. Heart failure patients frequently use diuretics, which can lead to higher potassium loss, thus requiring additional potassium supplementation. For these reasons, potassium supplementation is particularly emphasized in patients with heart failure.

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Written by Wang Li Bing

Intensive Care Medicine Department

39sec

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Acute heart failure typical symptoms

The typical symptoms of acute heart failure include sudden severe difficulty breathing, increased respiratory rate, and patients generally presenting a forced sitting position, with pale, grayish complexion and cyanotic lips. They often have profuse sweating, restlessness, frequent coughing, and coughing up pink frothy sputum. The condition can be critical, leading to consciousness disturbances due to lack of oxygen. Once acute heart failure occurs, active treatment is essential. The most common clinical approaches include strengthening the heart, diuresis, and vasodilation for symptomatic active management.

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Written by Wang Li Bing

Intensive Care Medicine Department

45sec

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Is the heart rate fast or slow in heart failure?

Heart failure is also relatively common in clinical practice, primarily due to dysfunction in the heart's contractile or relaxation capabilities. This leads to ineffective expulsion of venous blood returning to the heart, resulting in venous congestion and a series of symptoms. Patients typically experience varying degrees of breathing difficulty, coughing, expectoration, coughing up pink frothy sputum, as well as gastrointestinal symptoms. Following the onset of heart failure, a patient's heart rate generally increases as a compensatory response to promote increased cardiac output. If a patient enters the terminal stage of heart failure, a decrease in heart rate may occur, and can even lead to death.