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Liu Yan Hao
Neurology
About me
Graduated from Henan University of Chinese Medicine in 2011, majoring in Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Brain Diseases, with a master's degree. Since graduation, I have been working in clinical practice in the departments of Brain Diseases, Kidney Diseases, and Rheumatology and Immunology.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, hypertension, dizziness, headache, stroke hemiplegia, kidney disease, rheumatic immune diseases, etc. with a combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.
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What are the types of strokes?
The common types of strokes include hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke. Hemorrhagic strokes commonly involve subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage. Subarachnoid hemorrhage often occurs due to the rupture of cerebral aneurysms, causing blood to enter the subarachnoid space. Intracerebral hemorrhage is commonly caused by hypertension leading to the rupture of cerebral blood vessels and subsequent bleeding into the brain parenchyma. Additionally, there is ischemic stroke, commonly presenting as cerebral infarction and cerebral embolism. Cerebral embolism occurs when a blood clot from another part of the body outside the brain, following the blood circulation, blocks a cerebral vessel. Cerebral infarction happens when cerebral arteriosclerosis narrows down to a certain extent, gradually obstructing and forming cerebral infarction. These are the common types of strokes.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is caused by what?
The most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage is the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. The subarachnoid space is located on the surface of the brain, surrounded by three layers of meninges: from inner to outer, they are the pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater. The space between the pia mater and arachnoid mater is known as the subarachnoid space. Following the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm, blood enters this subarachnoid space, leading to hemorrhage. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a critical condition in internal medicine, with a relatively high mortality rate. The most common cause is a cerebral aneurysm, and patients who have suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage should undergo brain MRI and vascular imaging to check for the presence of cerebral aneurysms or vascular abnormalities. If a cerebral aneurysm is present, it needs to be treated promptly. Typical interventions include placing a coiling spring to close off the aneurysm, preventing it from rupturing and thus averting a secondary subarachnoid hemorrhage, which has a mortality rate as high as 50%. Another common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage is brain trauma, which is also a frequent cause of this condition.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a condition.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage refers to the rupture of blood vessels due to lesions at the base or on the surface of the brain, with blood directly flowing into the subarachnoid space, causing a clinical syndrome. This is different from cerebral hemorrhage, which refers to bleeding within the brain tissue itself, not into the subarachnoid space. So, what is the subarachnoid space? The human brain is covered by three layers of membranes: the pia mater, arachnoid, and dura mater. The subarachnoid space is the area between the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane, named as such. When there is a rupture in cerebral vascular malformations or cerebral aneurysms, blood flows directly into the subarachnoid space rather than causing bleeding in the brain tissue. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is considered a very serious medical condition with a very high mortality rate. Its main symptoms include severe headache, increased intracranial pressure, nausea, and projectile vomiting. If it is a second occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage, the mortality rate can reach up to 50%. A third occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage almost certainly results in death.
How to treat occipital neuralgia?
Occipital neuralgia is caused by cervical compression of the greater occipital nerve, leading to neuropathic pain. Thus, treatment of occipital neuralgia may involve oral pain relief medications to temporarily alleviate symptoms. Additionally, some nerve-nourishing medications can be used in treatment. Fundamental treatment involves addressing cervical spondylosis, which can include cervical physiotherapy and the use of medications that improve blood circulation and remove blood stasis to treat cervical spondylosis. It is also important to take care of the cervical spine by not sitting for too long; if sitting for extended periods, one should get up and move to stretch the muscles and bones. Performing the "little bird flying" exercise, where the head is leaned back and both arms are extended backwards, can effectively relieve cervical spondylosis and the pain caused by cervical compression of the greater occipital nerve. Additionally, the pillow should not be too high when sleeping at night.
What should you pay attention to in daily life if you have migraines?
Patients with migraines should pay attention to maintaining a regular daily schedule, avoid staying up late, avoid overworking, and ensure sufficient sleep. Additionally, there are some foods that can trigger migraine attacks, such as pickled foods and salty vegetables, which contain nitrites that may provoke migraines. Other foods, like certain dairy products and red wine, can also trigger migraine attacks. Patients who experience migraines should try to avoid these types of foods to minimize occurrences. What is a migraine? Migraines typically present as unilateral head pain. A common symptom before the onset of a migraine headache is experiencing prodromal symptoms such as changes in vision, blurred vision, altered shapes, and seeing rippling patterns. These symptoms appear shortly before the headache begins, characterizing a typical migraine attack. During an attack, one can take pain relief medication to ease the pain. Migraines generally do not cause significant health issues, and even without medication, the pain usually resolves within a few hours, so there is no need to worry excessively. The main focus should be on the above points to reduce the frequency of migraine attacks. (Please use medication under the guidance of a doctor.)
How is brain atrophy treated?
Brain atrophy is a common condition among older patients, characterized by symptoms such as memory decline. Treatment may involve the use of medications that invigorate the blood, improve cerebral circulation, and nourish brain cells. Additionally, dietary therapy can include foods or medicines that nourish the kidneys, and it is recommended to consume more walnuts regularly. Why do foods that nourish the kidneys treat brain atrophy? According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, the kidneys govern the bones and produce marrow, and the brain is the sea of marrow; thus, nourishing the kidneys can treat brain atrophy. Regular consumption of foods like Chinese yam and goji berries is encouraged. These can be added to soups and porridges to help nourish the kidneys and brain, and treat brain atrophy.
How to look at brain atrophy films
Brain atrophy images, in fact, are simple to read, whether it's brain MRI or head CT scans. You'll notice that the brain sulci have become widened, giving the brain a less full appearance, similar to a walnut, a flattened walnut, not very plump, with widened brain sulci and fissures. The brain volume appears smaller, which is typical of brain atrophy images. The treatment for brain atrophy can involve using medications that nourish brain cells and improve cerebral circulation. In terms of dietary therapy, it's beneficial to consume more walnuts and foods that enhance kidney function regularly. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, the kidney governs the bones and generates marrow, and the brain is considered the sea of marrow; thus, these kidney-nourishing foods are believed to be effective in treating brain atrophy. Foods such as Chinese yam and goji berries can be added to soups or used to make porridge, offering benefits in treating brain atrophy.
Can people with cerebral embolism eat mutton?
Patients with cerebral embolism can eat lamb, but should do so in moderation and not excessively. This is because a common cause of cerebral embolism is the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the neck arteries, particularly soft plaques. When these soft plaques detach, they form an embolus that, carried by the bloodstream, can block cerebral vessels and cause a cerebral embolism. Thus, many of these patients often have hyperlipidemia, with a basis of arteriosclerosis and arterial plaques. Therefore, their diet should be low in salt and low in fat, and overall light. Foods that are overly greasy or high in fat should be avoided as much as possible, such as animal organs and fatty meats which are high in fat. Lamb can be eaten in proper amounts. Other dietary considerations include avoiding overly salty foods, as excessive salt intake can lead to increased blood pressure, further aggravating arteriosclerosis and arterial plaques, and leading to the onset of cerebral embolism.
Does myasthenia gravis hurt?
Myasthenia gravis does not cause pain. Initially, patients with myasthenia gravis may feel discomfort such as soreness or swelling in the eyes or limbs, blurred vision, or fatigue. As the condition progresses, skeletal muscles become noticeably fatigued and weak. A significant characteristic is muscle weakness, which worsens after exertion in the afternoon or evening and improves after rest in the morning, known as "morning better, evening worse." Patients with myasthenia gravis can experience involvement of skeletal muscles throughout the body, manifesting as drooping eyelids, blurred vision, double vision, strabismus, restricted eye movements, bland facial expressions, a "forced smile" appearance, speech impairments resembling a thick tongue often accompanied by a nasal sound. Additionally, they may have chewing difficulties, coughing or choking when drinking, swallowing difficulties, trouble raising the head, weak shoulder shrugging, difficulty lifting arms, combing hair, climbing stairs, squatting, and getting into vehicles, primarily due to muscle weakness, which does not lead to pain.
symptoms of cerebral embolism
Cerebral embolism generally has a rapid onset and develops quickly, often occurring during physical activity. Within a short period of time, the condition can peak, and patients may experience sudden coma or complete paralysis of one side of the body, as well as aphasia, dementia, and cognitive dysfunction. Overall, the progression of the disease is very fast and can reach a peak in a short time. These patients often have underlying diseases, such as atrial fibrillation, which is a type of arrhythmia. In patients with atrial fibrillation, mural thrombi can form on the inner walls of the heart. These thrombi can detach and, carried by the bloodstream, block cerebral vessels, leading to cerebral embolism. Additionally, some patients have a foundation of arteriosclerosis, particularly in the carotid arteries, which can form plaques, especially soft plaques. When these plaques detach, they can form emboli that block cerebral vessels, causing cerebral embolism.