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Xie Zhi Hong
Cardiology
About me
The Secretary-General and Standing Committee Member of the Cardiovascular Disease Professional Committee of the Rehabilitation Medical Association in Ganzhou City, and a member of the Ganzhou City Working Committee of the Heart Emergency Branch of the China Medical Health International Exchange Promotion Association. He has chaired 4 provincial and municipal-level research projects, participated in more than 20 research projects, and published over 20 papers.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease, hypertension, and structural heart disease. Research interests include hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, and cardiac rehabilitation.
Voices
Does a ventricular septal defect require open chest surgery?
Ventricular septal defects (VSD) can generally be treated through interventional procedures. Normally, defects with a diameter smaller than 3mm do not require surgical treatment. If the diameter is greater than 3mm but less than 10mm, interventional treatment is often feasible. Another scenario involves the subarterial type of defect, which generally cannot be repaired via a catheter-based approach and requires open-chest surgery instead. Additionally, for very large defects, repair must be conducted through open-chest surgery. Thus, for VSD, there are two main treatment options. Specific decisions require echocardiography to analyze the size and location of the septal defect to determine whether open chest surgery is necessary. Generally, most cases can be resolved through minimally invasive interventional methods.
Does mild mitral valve regurgitation require treatment?
The mitral valve is a crucial structure in the left ventricle that directs blood from the atrium to the ventricle. When there is mitral valve insufficiency, the blood that should be pumped from the ventricle into the aorta and distributed throughout the body can flow back into the left atrium through the mitral valve. This can sometimes increase the ineffective efforts of the heart, leading to a higher cardiac load, and may sometimes result in heart failure. Generally speaking, there is a limit to how much load the left heart can compensate for. Mild mitral valve insufficiency is mostly within the compensatory range of the heart and may not require treatment. However, it is important to determine the cause of the mitral valve insufficiency, such as whether it is due to cardiac enlargement, poor coronary artery blood supply leading to poor mitral valve development, age-related degenerative changes, rheumatic heart valve disease, or endocardial infection. Some conditions, such as those caused by infection or coronary artery ischemia, need timely treatment. The notion that treatment is not necessary is incomplete. For some age-related degenerative changes, treatment may not be needed.
The difference between hyperthyroid heart disease and heart disease.
Heart disease includes all phenomena of heart dysfunction caused by various reasons, which can collectively be referred to as heart disease. This includes arrhythmias, heart failure, and changes in the cardiac vessels, such as coronary heart disease, coronary artery bridging, and congenital heart disease, all of which are termed heart disease. Hyperthyroid heart disease, on the other hand, is caused by a long period of uncontrolled or untreated hyperthyroidism, leading to changes in heart function and structure. It manifests as palpitations, panic, and severe decline in heart function. It is merely one type of heart disease, representing the changes in the heart caused by hyperthyroidism, and is just a small category of heart disease.
Can a patent ductus arteriosus cause cyanosis of the lips?
Patent ductus arteriosus generally refers to a condition in infants where the tubular passage between the aorta and pulmonary artery fails to fully close within the first year after birth. This results in altered blood flow within the heart, leading to the occurrence of patent ductus arteriosus. This blood flow disorder can increase the burden on the heart, causing recurrent episodes of breathlessness and breathing difficulties, and in severe cases, can lead to serious heart failure. If left untreated until the late stages, right-to-left shunting may occur, causing a serious mixing of arterial and venous blood. This leads to venous blood being ejected directly outside the body, causing a bluish-purple discoloration in the patient. Such conditions indicate a particularly severe heart disease. However, the majority of cases of patent ductus arteriosus can be addressed through minimally invasive interventional treatments. It is a simple congenital heart disease that should be treated promptly.
Is atrial fibrillation a serious arrhythmia?
Atrial fibrillation is a type of cardiac arrhythmia, primarily feared for its potential to form blood clots within the heart. These clots can travel to other organs via the bloodstream, most commonly to the brain. Additionally, pieces of these clots can also travel to coronary arteries causing myocardial infarction, leading to organ embolism wherever they lodge. Generally, if no blood clots are formed, many individuals with atrial fibrillation may not experience symptoms. However, if combined with other cardiac conditions such as heart failure or coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation can exacerbate the risk of developing these heart diseases. Thus, atrial fibrillation on its own is not severe but becomes concerning when associated with other cardiac conditions, increasing the risk of other heart diseases. If atrial fibrillation occurs with left or right accessory pathways, it may also lead to ventricular fibrillation, resulting in sudden death of the patient. Moreover, if the atrial fibrillation has no apparent cause, and the heart structure is normal with no symptoms, then such isolated atrial fibrillation does not typically form blood clots and is considered relatively mild.
What should I do about hypoxia due to a ventricular septal defect?
Mild ventricular septal defects generally do not cause hypoxia. If symptoms of hypoxia recur due to a ventricular septal defect, it is recommended to undergo minimally invasive interventional treatment or surgical treatment at a hospital to prevent further episodes. The success rate of this surgery is very high, almost 100%, with relatively few complications. If hypoxia occurs in untreated ventricular septal defects, initial therapy should include oxygen administration, followed by diuretic, cardiotonic, and other treatments to reduce cardiac load at a hospital, and surgery should be considered as soon as suitable.
Can rheumatic heart disease cause angina?
Rheumatic heart disease most commonly manifests as rheumatic myocarditis, pericardial thickening, or pericardial effusion. The majority of patients also present with mitral valve stenosis and insufficiency, and some also have aortic valve stenosis and insufficiency. When patients have severe aortic valve stenosis or severe aortic valve insufficiency, it leads to insufficient blood supply from the aorta, causing inadequate coronary circulation, which then can lead to angina.
Can patent ductus arteriosus be treated with medication?
The ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta in the fetal heart, primarily used during the embryonic stage to supply blood from the mother to the heart, thus providing sufficient oxygenated blood for fetal development and growth. Generally, the ductus arteriosus should close automatically within three months after birth. If it remains open for over a year, it may indicate a congenital heart defect known as patent ductus arteriosus. Previously, high doses of aspirin were used to treat this condition, but this treatment was not very effective. Patients with patent ductus arteriosus should instead consider minimally invasive interventional treatments to seal the duct, or surgical ligation can be performed. However, surgical ligation may cause significant trauma or scarring to the patient. The majority of cases with patent ductus arteriosus can be treated using minimally invasive methods.
The difference between rheumatic heart disease and myocarditis
Rheumatic heart disease refers to changes in the heart and heart valves caused by a disruption in the body's immune system following infection by Group A Streptococcus. Some also exhibit signs of heart inflammation and pericardial effusion, commonly presenting mitral stenosis, aortic valve stenosis or insufficiency, and tricuspid valve insufficiency. Myocarditis, on the other hand, refers to direct invasion of the heart muscle by viruses or bacteria, leading to heart muscle damage and cardiac dysfunction. Some cases present with arrhythmias, while others exhibit heart failure or shock, which can be severe enough to cause death. Generally, rheumatic heart disease has a longer course of illness, whereas myocarditis tends to improve within about two weeks. However, fulminant myocarditis has a high mortality rate, often accompanied by symptoms of heart failure, and some patients may suffer from long-term arrhythmias as a complication.
Does rheumatic heart disease cause dizziness?
Patients with rheumatic heart disease primarily exhibit symptoms of rheumatic myocarditis, pericarditis, or lesions of the mitral valve, aortic valve, and tricuspid valve including the pulmonary valve, with mitral stenosis being the most common. Generally, severe heart disease can impair the heart's pumping ability, leading to insufficient blood supply to the brain, causing dizziness. Some individuals with mitral stenosis may experience an enlargement of the atrium, leading to atrial fibrillation. Once atrial fibrillation occurs, the left atrial appendage can form blood clots, increasing the risk of clot detachment. If a clot detaches, it can pass directly through the right ventricle into the cerebral arteries, causing a major artery embolism that results in dizziness. In severe cases, this can lead to sudden death in patients.