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Zeng Hai Jiang
Pediatrics
About me
Deputy Chief Physician, working in the Pediatrics Department of Ganzhou City People's Hospital.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in nephrotic syndrome in children.
Voices
What should I do if a child has a stuffy nose at night due to a cold?
When a child catches a cold due to the invasion of pathogens, it can cause symptoms such as fever, runny nose, nasal congestion, cough, sore throat, headache, abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. Some children may experience severe nasal congestion, especially at night during sleep, which can lead to snoring and mouth breathing. At this time, we recommend using a warm towel to apply heat to the root of the child's nose, which can improve the child's nasal airway ventilation. Adjusting the child's sleeping position to lie on one side instead of on the back can also help relieve nasal congestion. Of course, if the child indeed has a cold, giving appropriate cold medicine during the day can provide symptomatic relief, which makes it easier to alleviate nasal congestion.
How long does it usually take for the blood picture of pertussis to come down when it's too high?
Whooping cough is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis infection, commonly seen in children. The main clinical symptoms include typical paroxysmal spasmodic cough, crowing inspiratory whoop, with the cough being more prominent at night. In the peripheral blood, there will be a marked increase in white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, and lymphocyte classification. After a confirmed diagnosis of whooping cough, macrolide antibiotics are administered. After a week of aggressive treatment, the blood count typically decreases significantly.
What tests do parents with phenylketonuria undergo?
Parents with phenylketonuria can undergo chromosome testing. Phenylketonuria is a common amino acid metabolic disease and an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. Currently, it is mainly screened after the birth of the child by testing the blood for phenylketonuria. Phenylketonuria can also be screened prenatally before the birth of the newborn. Screening can be conducted by extracting amniotic fluid from the pregnant woman for genetic screening through amniocentesis between the 16th and 20th weeks of pregnancy. If chromosomal abnormalities are detected through amniocentesis, it indicates that the fetus carries the pathogenic gene, proving that the child will have phenylketonuria after birth. Couples carrying related genes also need to undergo prenatal screening.
Whooping cough belongs to which type of infectious disease?
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the infection of Bordetella pertussis. It is categorized as a Class B infectious disease according to national regulations. Bordetella pertussis has weak resistance to external environments and is generally not considered to spread through indirect contact. The primary mode of transmission is through respiratory droplets. Asymptomatic infected children are the main transmitters of the disease. Children under the age of five are the most susceptible. Babies typically receive their primary immunization at the ages of 3, 4, and 5 months, a booster immunization at 18-24 months, and another booster at the age of 6.
When do people with phenylketonuria need to eat a special diet until?
Phenylketonuria is the first genetic metabolic disease that can be treated through dietary control. Since natural foods contain certain amounts of phenylalanine, once children with phenylketonuria are diagnosed, they should stop consuming a natural diet and start a low-phenylalanine diet treatment. Treatment with a low-phenylalanine formula should continue at least until the age of 12. When the concentration of phenylalanine in the blood is controlled at an ideal level, gradually small amounts of natural diet can be reintroduced. The food added should adhere to the principles of being low in protein and phenylalanine.
What should be paid attention to after umbilical hernia surgery?
Umbilical hernia refers to the protrusion of abdominal contents through the umbilical ring. Mostly seen in infants and young children, a majority of umbilical hernias can gradually heal through the contraction of the umbilical fascial ring. Therefore, before the age of two, except in cases of incarcerated hernias, most are treated non-surgically to promote healing. If the child is over two years old and the diameter of the hernia exceeds 1.5 cm, surgical treatment is adopted. After surgery, it is necessary to persist with abdominal muscle exercises to increase the child's resistance, prevent an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, reduce the recurrence of infantile umbilical hernias, and in terms of diet, it is advisable to avoid foods that might cause constipation.
Can people with phenylketonuria not eat things high in protein?
Phenylketonuria patients should avoid foods high in protein, as phenylketonuria is a common amino acid metabolism disorder caused by a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase in the metabolic pathway of phenylalanine, leading to disordered metabolism of phenylalanine in the liver. Phenylketonuria is a hereditary metabolic disease that can be managed through diet. Natural foods contain certain amounts of phenylalanine. Once diagnosed, the patient should cease consuming natural diets and switch to a phenylalanine-restricted diet. Foods rich in protein have higher amounts of phenylalanine, thus, those with phenylketonuria should not consume foods high in protein.
How to relieve itching from prickly heat in children
Heat rash in children is primarily caused by blockages in the sweat ducts, due to the poor development of neonatal sweat ducts, a humid and hot external environment, and prolonged bed rest. Based on the appearance of the heat rash, it can be categorized into white heat rash, red heat rash, pustular heat rash, and deep heat rash. Red heat rash can feel itchy and burning; pustular heat rash can cause burning, itching, and pain; white and deep heat rash do not typically present noticeable symptoms. When a child's heat rash feels itchy, topical medications can be applied for relief. Local cold compresses or ice packs can also be used to alleviate itchiness and pain. Naturally, providing a cooler environment for the child is beneficial, including frequent baths to help clear the sweat ducts.
Does phenylketonuria require lifelong dietary control?
Theoretically, phenylketonuria requires lifelong dietary control. Phenylketonuria is caused by a deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase in the metabolic pathway of phenylalanine, leading to disordered metabolism of phenylalanine in the liver. Phenylketonuria is the first genetic metabolic disease that can be managed through diet. Since natural foods all contain certain amounts of phenylalanine, once diagnosed, affected children should cease consuming natural diets and should be treated with a low-phenylalanine diet. Treatment with a low-phenylalanine formula should continue at least until the age of 12. When the concentration of phenylalanine in the blood is controlled at an ideal level, natural foods can gradually be reintroduced in small amounts. The reintroduction of food should still follow the principles of low protein and low phenylalanine. The types and amounts of food that each child can add vary individually and are related to the severity of the enzyme deficiency.
What to do if a child has a cold with nausea and vomiting?
Childhood colds refer to a general term for upper respiratory infections in children, including wind-cold colds, wind-heat colds, acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, and more. They are caused by infections from various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, etc., and symptoms include fever, runny nose, cough, sore throat, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, etc. When children experience a cold accompanied by nausea and vomiting symptoms, it is referred to as a gastroenteric type of cold, and treatments can include antiemetics and adjustments to gastrointestinal function. However, it is also important to consider whether there are surgical conditions. If the child exhibits abdominal distension, poor mental state, or frequent vomiting, it is advisable to go to the hospital for examinations such as X-rays to rule out symptoms like intestinal obstruction.