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Zhang Hui
Neurology
About me
Weifang People's Hospital, Department of Neurology, attending physician, has been engaged in clinical work in the field of neurology for many years, with rich clinical experience in common and prevalent neurological diseases.
Proficient in diseases
Cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, myelitis, etc.
Voices
Causes of Cerebral Infarction
The first reason is due to arteriosclerosis. Under the influence of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, damage occurs to the inner lining of the arteries. A large amount of lipid components are deposited on the arterial walls, eventually forming unstable plaques, leading to the narrowing and even occlusion of the cerebral arteries, thus causing the formation of cerebral thrombosis. The second reason to consider is cardiac causes; if a patient has atrial fibrillation, mural thrombi can form within the heart. These thrombi, once dislodged into the cerebral arteries, can cause cerebral embolism. The third point to note is arterial dissection, which is also a cause of cerebral infarction, and it is relatively common among young people.
symptoms of senile dementia
The symptoms of dementia mainly include the following aspects: First, there is evident impairment in cognitive functions, primarily involving memory decline. Initially, it may predominantly affect recent memory, with patients often forgetting recent events. As the disease progresses, they may start forgetting events from the distant past as well. Additionally, patients may experience a decline in calculation skills, judgment, execution, and comprehension abilities; their capacity to learn and work is comprehensively impaired. Spatial dysfunction can also occur, causing disorientation and frequent episodes of getting lost. Secondly, in the later stages, patients may display changes in behavior and personality, alongside corresponding psychological symptoms. For example, the patient might become aggressive, restless, and exhibit hallucinations visually and auditorily. Wandering at night is another common symptom. Thirdly, in the later stages, patients might show clinical signs such as muscle atrophy and paralysis. Incontinence is also a common symptom.
Myasthenic crisis includes
Myasthenia Gravis, a type of immune inflammatory disease of the nervous system, is mainly caused by the production of abnormal antibodies in the body. Myasthenic crisis can endanger the life safety of patients, affecting respiratory function. There are mainly three types of crises: The first type of crisis is the myasthenic crisis, which is also the most common. Generally, it is caused by the progression of the disease itself, often due to insufficient anticholinesterase drug dosage. The second type of crisis is the cholinergic crisis, caused by an overdose of anticholinesterase drugs, resulting in symptoms like muscle tremors in patients. The third type is the paradoxical crisis, which occurs due to insensitivity to anticholinesterase drugs, leading to severe respiratory difficulties. It is essential to handle a myasthenic crisis promptly, maintain the patient's airway clearance, and use a ventilator for treatment if necessary.
Does cerebral embolism require surgery?
Most cases of cerebral embolism in patients are caused by heart diseases, especially in patients with atrial fibrillation. Thrombi form in the atrium, detach, and travel to the cerebral arteries, causing a cerebral embolism. If the area affected by the cerebral embolism is small and the symptoms are mild, surgical treatment may not be necessary. Patients should rest, engage in rehabilitation exercises, and be treated with medications that invigorate the blood, remove blood stasis, protect brain cells, and use anticoagulants. However, if the embolism affects a large area, such as the middle cerebral artery, interventional surgical thrombectomy can be performed according to current medical advancements, which may be effective for some patients but also carries risks of bleeding and potential surgical failure. (Please use medications under the guidance of a doctor and do not self-medicate.)
Clinical manifestations of facial neuritis
**Point One**: Patients with facial neuritis may exhibit clinical manifestations such as crooked mouth corners and shallower nasolabial folds. They may also experience water leakage while drinking, disappearance of forehead wrinkles, weakness in closing the eyes, and some patients may even sleep with their eyes open. **Point Two**: Patients might also experience taste disturbances, particularly noticeable in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, and may also have secretion disorders of the salivary and lacrimal glands. **Point Three**: Some patients may experience hypersensitivity to sound, characterized by herpes on the tympanic membrane of the external auditory canal. Facial neuritis is a nonspecific inflammatory response, and treatment with corticosteroids can be effective.
Do you have a headache, nausea, and a cold?
Headache and nausea can be caused by various common conditions including migraine, tension headache, cluster headache, and neuralgia. Thus, headache and nausea are not necessarily indicative of a cold. It is important to check the body temperature and other accompanying symptoms. If a patient experiences a slight increase in temperature, such as between 37-37.5 degrees Celsius, accompanied by symptoms like sore throat, nasal congestion, runny nose, and sneezing, these could suggest that a cold is causing the headache. A cold can also lead to nausea, especially in cases of gastrointestinal flu, where the illness may begin with headache and vomiting. Therefore, headache and nausea are not definitive signs of a cold. If respiratory infection symptoms are present, it may indeed be caused by a cold, and rest, increased fluid intake, consumption of vegetables and fruits, and taking cold medications if necessary would be advisable. If the headache is severe, appropriate pain relief medication should be administered.
Late-stage symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease is a progressively worsening neurodegenerative disorder of the nervous system, initially manifesting as bradykinesia, resting tremor, and other symptoms. As the disease progresses, the symptoms become increasingly severe. In the later stages, symptoms may include significant postural and gait abnormalities, such as obvious stooping and difficulty starting to walk, a phenomenon known as freezing, and turning around can also be difficult. Additionally, in the late stages, swallowing dysfunction may occur, leading to clinical signs such as coughing while drinking water and articulation disorders. Furthermore, individuals with Parkinson's disease are particularly prone to falling in the later stages due to impaired balance functions.
How is facial neuritis treated?
Facial neuritis is generally prone to occur in patients with immune dysfunction, with factors such as viral infections and some patients may be related to cold stimulation from air conditioning or fans on the face. The treatment of facial neuritis mainly includes the following aspects: First, glucocorticoid treatment should be given. Glucocorticoids play a very important role in the treatment of facial neuritis. They can reduce abnormal inflammatory responses and swelling of the facial nerve, which greatly helps the patient's recovery. Second, some B vitamins should be given to nourish the nerves. If the condition is caused by viral infection, antiviral medication should also be provided. In addition, some rehabilitation training is particularly important, and it is recommended that patients receive early physiotherapy and functional training for facial muscles.
Manifestations of Stroke
First, if the patient has a large-area ischemic stroke, or if there is a significant amount of cerebral hemorrhage, consciousness disorders will occur rapidly, and the patient may even fall into a coma. Second, in the case of general strokes, patients will experience reduced mobility in their limbs, primarily manifesting as unilateral limb paralysis, with symptoms varying from mild to severe. Patients with milder symptoms show clumsiness in fine movements, while more severe cases may require bed rest. Third, a common clinical symptom is numbness in one side of the body. Fourth, patients with a stroke generally also suffer from symptoms such as deviation of the corners of the mouth, shallowing of the nasolabial folds, drooling, and unclear speech.
At what age does senile dementia usually occur?
It is generally believed that elderly people over the age of 65 are at a significantly increased risk of dementia, and the prevalence is even higher among those over 80. However, there are exceptions, as some individuals may experience cognitive decline around the age of 50, which requires extra attention. The most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease, a typical neurodegenerative disorder where various factors lead to the degeneration and death of neurons. Initially, patients mainly exhibit a decline in short-term memory functions, often mistaken for simple forgetfulness, resulting in a failure to seek diagnosis and treatment.