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Yao Li Qin
Pediatrics
About me
Practicing physician, graduated from the Department of Pediatrics with a bachelor's degree from university, has been working in pediatric internal medicine for twenty-five years.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in common pediatric diseases such as colds, pneumonia, diarrhea, eczema, neonatal jaundice, infant feeding, and more.
Voices
Can umbilical hernia be vaccinated against?
After the birth of a child, it is necessary to vaccinate on schedule. There are some situations where vaccination is not possible. When a child has an umbilical hernia, it means that there is a protrusion at the navel, with abdominal contents pushing through a weak spot around the navel, forming an umbilical hernia. Umbilical hernias in children do not affect the vaccination of various vaccines, so parents can take their children to the local vaccination department to get vaccinated on schedule. At the same time, try to avoid letting the child cry loudly, as most umbilical hernias in children can heal by themselves within two years. Only more severe umbilical hernias may require surgical treatment. Therefore, parents can rest assured and take their children for vaccinations on time, as the umbilical hernia does not affect vaccination.
Does neonatal jaundice require medication?
Neonatal jaundice is divided into physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice. Physiological jaundice appears two to three days after birth, peaks around the fifth or sixth day, and then gradually subsides, so there is no need for medication in this case. If it is neonatal pathological jaundice, merely taking medication does not solve the problem; this requires treatment with blue light therapy. At the same time, it is important to identify the cause of the jaundice and treat it accordingly. In such cases, medication is actually not necessary. Therefore, it is crucial to first determine whether neonatal jaundice is physiological or pathological. Physiological jaundice requires no intervention, while pathological jaundice necessitates hospital treatment. Regarding the increasingly common breastfeeding jaundice, medication is generally not needed; monitoring of the jaundice in the child is essential, however. If the jaundice level continues to rise and exceeds 15 mg/dl, blue light therapy is also required. If the condition is not severe, exposing the child to more sunlight and waiting for the jaundice to subside naturally is sufficient.
Causes of Baby Rash
Infantile roseola, also known as roseola infantum, is a common acute exanthematous infectious disease in infants and young children, mostly occurring under the age of two, with a peak incidence between 7 to 13 months of age. It is rare in children younger than three months and older than four years. The disease primarily occurs as sporadic infections, followed by lasting immunity, with occasional second occurrences. The main cause of roseola in infants is the herpes virus, specifically human herpesvirus types 6 and 7, which are the main pathogens. Other viruses, such as Coxsackievirus A16, adenovirus, and parainfluenza virus, can also cause roseola in infants.
How to care for baby eczema that has broken skin
Babies develop eczema due to localized dry skin, which results in itchy skin. The child may scratch the itchy area, possibly causing the eczema to break open. Once broken, it is prone to secondary bacterial infections. To address a secondary bacterial infection, first, disinfect the area locally, then apply an antibiotic ointment to the child, such as mupirocin or erythromycin ointment. After the lesion heals, actively maintain moisture in the skin. If necessary, under the guidance of a hospital doctor, use mild corticosteroid ointments. Generally, eczema can be well-controlled. Additionally, for children on formula, depending on the severity of the eczema, feed them amino acid-based formula or hydrolyzed protein formula. If the child is breastfed, the mother should be mindful of her diet and avoid consuming beef, lamb, nuts, seafood, and fermented rice wine. (Please consult a doctor before using any specific medications and do not self-medicate.)
How to treat roseola infantum?
Pediatric acute rash is a common febrile rash disease seen in infants and young children, mostly occurring between six months to one and a half years old. Its main symptom is a fever for three days followed by a rash as the fever subsides. Before the rash appears, it is not known to be pediatric acute rash. The treatment mainly involves symptomatic management, as it is caused by a viral infection, so some antiviral medications can be taken. Symptomatic treatment primarily involves reducing fever. The principle for fever reduction is that if the body temperature exceeds 38.5 degrees Celsius, give the child fever-reducing medication, such as ibuprofen suspension; below 38.5, physical cooling methods are sufficient. Once the fever has lasted three days and the rash appears confirming pediatric acute rash, all medications can be discontinued. The child should drink plenty of water and rest. Generally, the rash will fully develop within about 24 hours, and then naturally subside over the following three to five days.
Rickets lack what vitamin
Rickets, also known as vitamin D deficiency rickets, is a chronic nutritional disease characterized by bone lesions, caused by insufficient vitamin D in a child's body, leading to disrupted calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Typically, it is evident in the incomplete mineralization of the growing long bones' metaphyseal ends and bone tissue, resulting in the softening or deformation of the bones. All children, including full-term infants after two weeks, premature infants, twins, and low birth weight infants after one week, should start supplementing with vitamin D. This is because the content of vitamin D in foods, such as breast milk or various infant formulas, is not sufficient to meet the needs of children. Therefore, a lack of timely vitamin D supplementation after birth can lead to a deficiency and consequently rickets, a disease caused by a lack of vitamin D. (Please use medication under the guidance of a professional physician, and do not medicate blindly.)
Pediatric colds are classified into several types.
Child colds, also known as acute upper respiratory infections, are acute inflammations of the upper respiratory tract caused by various pathogens. Child colds are mainly caused by bacterial and viral infections, with over 90% being viral. The main viruses involved include rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, Coxsackie virus, echovirus, adenovirus, and coronaviruses. Viral infections can lead to secondary bacterial infections, with the most common bacterial infections being from Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. Additionally, Mycoplasma pneumoniae not only can cause pneumonia but is also a cause of upper respiratory infections, and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. Therefore, when a child has a cold, it's also important to consider the possibility of a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
Child diarrhea test items
Pediatric diarrhea is a common disease in children characterized by an increase in stool frequency and specific stool shapes, caused by multiple pathogens and factors. Common tests for children with diarrhea start with routine stool tests. Stool culture is meaningful for identifying the pathogens causing diarrhea, and the latex agglutination test has diagnostic value for viral gastroenteritis. The stool-reducing sugar test primarily assesses malabsorption of disaccharides, lactose intolerance, etc. Counting and classifying white blood cells mainly clarify the presence of bacterial infections. Since diarrhea often accompanies electrolyte disturbances and dehydration, biochemical blood tests are necessary, and sometimes, X-rays of the abdominal plain film, ultrasound, endoscopy, and other examinations are needed.
How to deal with neonatal jaundice hemolysis?
Neonatal hemolytic disease refers to alloimmune hemolysis caused by maternal-fetal blood type incompatibility, commonly seen in life with A, B, O blood type mismatches, and Rh blood type mismatch is less common. Once neonatal hemolytic disease is diagnosed, aggressive treatment must be pursued. Initially, phototherapy treatment is recommended, commonly referred to as blue light therapy. Additionally, medication therapy for the child is necessary, frequently involving albumin and intravenous immunoglobulin, along with the use of sodium bicarbonate to correct acidosis. If the aforementioned treatments do not yield satisfactory results, blood exchange treatment should be considered for the child. This mainly involves removing free antibodies and sensitized red blood cells from the blood, thereby alleviating hemolysis and ultimately achieving therapeutic goals. (Please use medication under the guidance of a doctor.)
Treatment of Rickets
Rickets is a nutritional metabolic disease caused by a lack of vitamin D, which also involves changes in the bones. Once rickets is definitively diagnosed, it is essential to start aggressive treatment. Treatment should be carried out under the guidance of a hospital doctor with high doses of vitamin D, while also appropriately supplementing the child with calcium. It's necessary to regularly draw blood to test for vitamin D levels and to monitor the improvement of various indicators in the child. When vitamin D levels have fully normalized, there will no longer be a need to administer high doses of vitamin D to the child, and the dosage can be adjusted to the physiological requirement. Additionally, it is crucial to increase the child’s outdoor activities and exposure to sunlight, as this is very helpful for the treatment and recovery of rickets. (For specific medication use, please follow the guidance of a doctor and do not self-medicate.)