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Zhang Jun
Otolaryngology
About me
Engaged in the field of otolaryngology for ten years, pursued further training at the Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, under the tutelage of Professor Jin Dejun.
Proficient in diseases
Rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal hypertrophy, nasal polyps, acute and chronic pharyngitis, acute and chronic tonsillitis, epiglottitis, laryngitis, vocal cord nodules, vocal cord polyps, laryngeal tumors.
Voices
How to take care of pharyngitis
Pharyngitis in usual care primarily involves identifying the causes of pharyngitis and preventing these triggers for gradual improvement and to avoid recurrent attacks. Common causes observed clinically include: First, congestion in the throat caused by changes in weather, smog, and smoke irritation. Second, symptoms in the throat caused by repeated acute inflammatory irritations, such as acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, acute rhinitis, and sinusitis. Recurrent irritation by purulent secretions can lead to congestion and edema of the mucous membrane in the throat area. Third, long-term intake of spicy food leading to disturbances and disorders in the digestive system, commonly seen in stomach cancer, gastritis, gastric ulcers, and duodenal ulcers. Repeated irritation by acidic reflux and gases can also cause symptoms in the throat area. Therefore, in treatment, patients should first eliminate these triggers for gradual improvement and healing.
Can nasal polyps be cured?
Nasal polyps are curable, and patients can be cured through localized surgical treatment. The cause of nasal polyps is unknown, generally due to chronic inflammatory stimulation, leading to bilateral nasal turbinate mucosal diffuse congestion, edema, proliferation, and prolapse, resulting in nasal polyps. They are also often secondary to allergic rhinitis. Nasal polyps generally occur bilaterally, causing the patient to have persistent nasal congestion that progressively worsens. In addition, patients may experience facial swelling, headache, and yellow nasal discharge, among other symptoms. During an examination with an electronic nasoscope, pale lychee-like masses can be observed in the nasal passages on both sides. These are soft, painless, and not prone to bleeding. In terms of treatment, nasal polyps require endoscopic nasal polyp removal surgery and sinus opening surgery for a cure.
Where to apply moxibustion for nasal polyps?
Nasal polyps cannot be treated through moxibustion, as they are benign or malignant tumors of the nasal cavity. Local surgery is required for treatment. The causes of nasal polyps are unknown in clinical settings. Generally, they are directly related to the patient's long-term chronic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis, resulting from persistent congestion, edema, proliferation, and dehydration of the nasal mucosa. Patients will experience progressive bilateral nasal congestion, along with a foreign body sensation and swelling in the nasal cavity, which can also lead to diminished sense of smell, memory loss, and other related symptoms. A detailed examination with an endoscopic nasal examination and sinus CT scan at a hospital can confirm the diagnosis. In terms of treatment, nasal polyps cannot be cured through conservative treatment. An endoscopic polypectomy can cure the condition. Post-surgery, patients need to exercise, avoid catching colds to prevent recurrence.
The Difference between Nasopharyngitis and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
The differences between nasopharyngitis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma are very clear. Firstly, nasopharyngitis is an acute inflammatory irritation, while the cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is currently unknown, generally associated directly with EB virus infection. Secondly, their clinical manifestations are different. Patients with nasopharyngitis may experience dryness and pain in the nasopharyngeal area, and yellow secretions may occur when clearing the throat in the morning. In contrast, nasopharyngeal carcinoma typically presents as a painless mass. During examination with a nasopharyngoscope, the surface of nasopharyngitis is congested and swollen, whereas in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, cauliflower-like neoplasms or ulcers can be found at the top of the nasopharynx or near the pharyngeal recess. A local pathological examination can reveal symptoms and clarify the diagnosis. In terms of treatment, nasopharyngitis requires symptomatic anti-inflammatory treatment, while nasopharyngeal carcinoma requires local radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
Can otitis media heal itself?
Otitis media is difficult to heal on its own because it is caused by an acute bacterial infection that leads to reduced eustachian tube function, resulting in fluid accumulation in the middle ear cavity. Patients will experience sudden high fever, with body temperatures above 38.5°C, severe pain in the ear, and symptoms of hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of ear fullness. Upon examination, the eardrum appears significantly congested and swollen, and a large amount of fluid can be found in the middle ear cavity. In terms of treatment, otitis media initially requires symptomatic anti-inflammatory treatment. Patients can take oral medications such as cefaclor, amoxicillin, and potassium penicillin V tablets. At the same time, the ear should be treated locally with ofloxacin ear drops twice a day, which can reduce local congestion and swelling. During treatment, patients also need to maintain a light diet, avoid vigorously blowing their nose, and prevent water from entering the outer ear canal. Generally, recovery can gradually occur within a week. (The use of medication should be under the guidance of a doctor.)
Can adenoid hypertrophy be felt by touch?
Adenoid hypertrophy is palpable, as the adenoids are a cluster of lymphoid tissue located at the top of the nasopharynx. If there is localized hypertrophy, it can be directly felt through the mouth. Adenoid hypertrophy most commonly occurs in children, especially those between the ages of three and six, and often follows acute colds, rhinitis, and adenoid hypertrophy, eventually leading to persistent bilateral nasal obstruction. Additionally, it may be accompanied by symptoms such as snoring during sleep, decreased hearing, tinnitus, and a feeling of ear fullness. In severe cases, it may lead to a facial appearance characteristic of adenoid hypertrophy. It is necessary to first visit a hospital for a thorough examination, which can include an electronic nasopharyngoscopy, nasopharyngeal CT, and nasopharyngeal palpation to confirm the diagnosis. In terms of treatment, acute adenoid hypertrophy requires symptomatic anti-inflammatory treatment, along with nebulized inhalation. If conservative treatment is ineffective, adenoidectomy may be necessary for cure.
Can adenoid hypertrophy be seen with the naked eye?
Adenoid hypertrophy is not visible to the naked eye because the adenoids are located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx. It can only be detected through an electronic nasopharyngoscope or a CT scan of the nasopharynx to determine if there is adenoid hypertrophy. Adenoid hypertrophy is most likely to occur during childhood, typically due to long-term inflammatory infections. It often follows acute rhinitis or acute sinusitis. After adenoid hypertrophy, it can lead to bilateral nasal congestion that progressively worsens, along with snoring during sleep, tinnitus, a feeling of ear congestion, and a decrease in hearing. In severe cases, it can lead to a characteristic facial appearance known as "adenoid facies." It is necessary to have a detailed examination at a hospital for adenoid hypertrophy. An electronic nasopharyngoscope and adenoid CT can confirm the diagnosis. For treatment, during the acute phase of adenoid hypertrophy, symptomatic anti-inflammatory treatment is necessary, along with the use of nebulized inhalation to reduce congestion and swelling of the adenoids. If conservative treatment is ineffective and the adenoid hypertrophy continues to worsen, adenoidectomy may be required to completely cure the condition.
Can a deviated nasal septum undergo rhinoplasty?
A deviated nasal septum is a contraindication for rhinoplasty, as undergoing the procedure can lead to a skewed nasal bridge. Deviated nasal septum is a common and frequently occurring condition in otolaryngology, generally related to abnormalities in the development of the nasal septum during embryonic stages or to acquired trauma to the nasal septum. A deviated nasal septum can lead to symptoms such as a crooked nasal bridge, persistent nasal congestion on both sides, facial swelling, pain, and headaches. It is necessary to visit a hospital for a thorough examination using an endoscope and sinus CT scan to confirm the diagnosis. During the examination, the nasal septum may be found to be deviated to one or both sides in an S-shaped or C-shaped curve. In terms of treatment, a mild deviated nasal septum may not require any intervention. However, if the patient experiences nasal congestion, headaches, and other related symptoms, local surgical treatment is necessary. Only after the nasal septum is centrally aligned through surgery, can rhinoplasty be considered.
How long after septoplasty under general anesthesia can one get out of bed?
After general anesthesia surgery for a deviated nasal septum, patients can freely move in bed after 6 hours, but should wait at least 24 hours before getting out of bed and moving around to avoid the effects of the anesthesia. A deviated nasal septum is a common and frequently occurring condition in otolaryngology, typically caused by congenital abnormalities in the development of the nasal septum. This condition may lead to persistent, progressive nasal congestion on both sides, along with pain in the facial area, headaches, and a deviated nasal septum. It can also trigger nasal sinusitis and nasal polyps in patients. A detailed examination at the hospital with an electronic nasal endoscope and sinus CT scan can provide a diagnosis. In terms of treatment, if a mild nasal septum deviation presents no clinical symptoms, no treatment is necessary. However, if the patient suffers from nasal congestion, headaches, or other related symptoms, local surgical correction may be required. Patients typically recover and are discharged about a week after the surgery.
Can vocal cord polyps disappear on their own?
Vocal cord polyps cannot disappear on their own because they are a benign tumor. Without local surgical treatment, vocal cord polyps will continue to grow, causing the patient's hoarseness to worsen further. In severe cases, it can cause the patient to have breathing difficulties, leading to choking and even death. Vocal cord polyps are caused by improper use of the voice over a long period, such as yelling loudly or excessive tiredness, leading to pathological changes in the vocal cord mucosa. They can cause persistent hoarseness in patients. During an examination with an electronic laryngoscope, a smooth, light red or pale white abnormal neoplasm can be found on the anterior-middle third of one vocal cord. The vocal cord moves well, but does not close completely. In terms of treatment, patients need to undergo local surgical excision to heal. After surgery, it is important to protect the vocal cords by avoiding yelling loudly or speaking entirely, and complete recovery can generally be achieved within about a week.