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Zhang Jun
Otolaryngology
About me
Engaged in the field of otolaryngology for ten years, pursued further training at the Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, under the tutelage of Professor Jin Dejun.
Proficient in diseases
Rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal hypertrophy, nasal polyps, acute and chronic pharyngitis, acute and chronic tonsillitis, epiglottitis, laryngitis, vocal cord nodules, vocal cord polyps, laryngeal tumors.
Voices
What should be paid attention to with vocal cord polyps in daily life?
Vocal cord polyps require careful protection of the vocal cords, as the common causes of vocal cord polyps are often due to patients frequently speaking loudly, over-shouting, improper use of their voice, or long-term spicy and irritating diet, and acid reflux irritation, resulting in diffuse congestion, edema, and proliferation of the vocal cord mucosa, leading to vocal cord polyps. These can cause the patient to experience persistent hoarseness, which progressively worsens. Patients need to visit a hospital for an examination with an electronic laryngoscope, which can reveal an abnormal neoplasm at the anterior middle third of one vocal cord, appearing pale white or pale red, soft, and painless. Vocal cord polyps require local surgical removal for treatment and can be cured. After surgery, patients also need to completely rest their voice for a week, and combined with nebulized inhalation therapy, improvement can gradually occur, avoiding recurrent attacks.
Can vocal cord polyps be cured by taking medicine?
Voice polyps are ineffective treated with medication; patients require local surgical excision for a cure. Common causes of vocal cord polyps include prolonged improper use of the voice, shouting loudly, and excessive fatigue, leading to pathological changes in the vocal cord mucosa. This condition causes persistent hoarseness in the patient, progressively worsening over time. During an examination with an electronic laryngoscope, a smooth, pale white or pale red neoplasm can be observed on the anterior-middle third of one vocal cord. The area is soft, painless, and may cause incomplete closure of the vocal cords. Regarding treatment, medication is ineffective for vocal cord polyps, and patients need to undergo polyp removal surgery under a supporting laryngoscope. The surgery requires hospitalization, general anesthesia, and patients typically recover and are discharged about one week post-operation. (Medication should be used under the guidance of a professional doctor.)
How to treat acute pharyngitis?
Acute pharyngitis is caused by viral or bacterial infections following a decrease in the body's immunity and resistance. Patients will experience sudden high fever with body temperature above 38°C, severe throat pain, and may also have symptoms of dry throat, itchy throat, foreign body sensation in the throat, obstruction, breathing difficulties, and hoarseness. Upon examination, congestion and swelling of the soft palate and uvula can be observed, and yellow secretions may be found on the throat wall. In terms of treatment, patients should first go to the hospital for a routine blood test, which generally indicates a bacterial infection. Patients can take oral cephalosporin antibiotics, which are effective. Treatment also involves nebulizer inhalation to alleviate throat congestion and swelling. A light diet, quitting smoking, and abstaining from alcohol can contribute to gradual improvement and recovery within about a week. (Medications should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)
How does nasal turbinate hypertrophy cause nosebleeds?
Enlarged turbinates causing nosebleeds occur when the turbinates are congested, leading to frequent nose blowing by the patient. This can cause local mucosal rupture, resulting in the discharge of bloody secretions from the nasal cavity, generally seen in episodes of chronic rhinitis. Chronic rhinitis is caused by repeated inflammatory infections, leading to diffuse congestion, edema, and hyperplasia of the turbinate mucosa. Patients may experience persistent nasal congestion, accompanied by mucous nasal discharge and sensations of foreign bodies and swelling in the nasal cavity. Forceful nose blowing can then cause local mucosal rupture and the discharge of fresh bloody secretions. A detailed examination with an electronic nasoscope and a sinus CT scan at a hospital can confirm the diagnosis. In terms of treatment, the first step is to shrink the turbinates to relieve nasal congestion. Nebulized inhalation therapy can be used and is effective. Additionally, topical application of vitamin AD in the nasal cavity can repair the local mucosa and gradually improve the condition. (Use medications under the guidance of a doctor.)
What are the consequences of not treating adenoid hypertrophy?
Adenoid hypertrophy, if not treated, can have serious consequences. It primarily leads to persistent bilateral nasal congestion that progressively worsens. This is often accompanied by snoring during sleep. Additional symptoms include persistent tinnitus, decreased hearing, and a feeling of stuffiness in the ears. Adenoid hypertrophy can also cause a high-arched hard palate, irregular teeth, and facial deformities. Therefore, once adenoid hypertrophy occurs, active treatment is necessary. Generally, adenoid hypertrophy is caused by inflammation, leading to congestion, edema, and proliferation of the adenoids, which is most common in children aged three to eight. In treating acute adenoid hypertrophy, symptomatic anti-inflammatory treatment is needed, including the use of antibiotics and corticosteroids for local nebulization inhalation. If conservative treatment is ineffective, adenoidectomy using plasma may be necessary. This treatment can completely cure the condition.
What is the difference between acute pharyngitis and chronic pharyngitis?
The differences between acute and chronic pharyngitis are quite distinct. Acute pharyngitis comes on suddenly, and patients typically experience sudden high fever, severe throat pain, along with symptoms like dizziness, headache, cough, and nasal congestion. Examination may reveal swelling and prominent congestion in the soft palate and uvula, and yellowish secretions on the pharyngeal walls. In contrast, chronic pharyngitis primarily presents with localized symptoms and lacks systemic symptoms. Patients may experience dryness, pain, itchiness in the throat, sensations of a foreign body or obstruction, burning sensation, and irritative cough. In terms of treatment, acute pharyngitis initially requires a routine blood test to determine whether the infection is bacterial or viral, and symptomatic treatment can then lead to recovery. Chronic pharyngitis mainly requires the management of gastrointestinal function, along with a mild diet avoiding spicy and irritating foods, physical exercise, and avoiding colds. Additionally, nebulized inhalation can be used to alleviate local congestion and edema, gradually relieving symptoms and preventing recurrence.
What should I do if vocal cord nodules recur?
Vocal cord nodules, if recurrent, must be treated surgically. The causes of vocal cord nodules are numerous and include improper or excessive use of the voice, shouting loudly, and irritation from acid reflux, leading to bilateral vocal cord lesions. This condition can cause the patient to have persistent hoarseness. If a patient experiences prolonged hoarseness, they must visit a hospital to undergo a laryngoscopic examination to determine the cause. Vocal cord nodules typically occur at the anterior middle third of both vocal cords, where patients may observe a pale white, symmetric, smooth-surfaced abnormal growth. In terms of treatment, surgery is necessary as medication is ineffective. The procedure involves the removal of the vocal cord nodules under a support laryngoscope, requiring hospitalization and general anesthesia. Post-surgery, antibiotics are used to prevent local infections, and patients can usually recover and be discharged within about a week.
Can adenoid hypertrophy be cured?
Adenoid hypertrophy is curable. It is mainly divided into acute and chronic types. Acute adenoid hypertrophy is mostly secondary to acute rhinitis and sinusitis. It is caused by the invasion of Staphylococcus aureus or hemolytic streptococcus, leading to acute congestion and edema of the gland. Symptoms include nasal congestion, snoring, tinnitus, and hearing loss. During the acute phase, patients need symptomatic anti-inflammatory treatment, and oral or intravenous antibiotic therapy is effective. However, if the patient's adenoid hypertrophy is due to chronic recurrent inflammation, conservative treatment becomes ineffective. In such cases, adenoidectomy under plasma may be necessary. This surgery requires hospitalization, general anesthesia, and postoperative antibiotics to prevent local infection. Recovery and discharge can typically occur about one week after surgery. After recovery, patients should avoid catching colds to prevent the recurrence of adenoid hypertrophy. (The use of medications should be under the guidance of a doctor.)
Can nasal turbinates enlargement cause a fever?
Enlarged nasal turbinates do not cause fever. Enlarged nasal turbinates only lead to persistent nasal congestion in patients, accompanied by sensations of foreign bodies and swelling in the nasal cavity. Mucous nasal discharge can appear in the nasal cavity due to enlarged turbinates. Generally, this is caused by chronic inflammatory stimulation and chronic allergic reactions, commonly seen in clinical cases of chronic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis. A detailed examination at a hospital using an endoscopic nasal camera can reveal bilateral inferior turbinate diffuse congestion, edema, and hyperplasia, which cause persistent nasal congestion. In terms of treatment, if it is allergic rhinitis, symptomatic antiallergic treatment is needed, such as oral administration of loratadine, and the concurrent use of mometasone furoate nasal spray has good effects in reducing the size of the nasal turbinates. If it is chronic simple rhinitis, nasal nebulization can be used, and physical exercise is also necessary to restore the function of the nasal turbinate mucosa for gradual improvement.
Can nasal polyps cause breathing difficulties?
Nasal polyps can cause breathing difficulties in patients. They primarily lead to persistent nasal congestion, which in turn causes breathing difficulties. Nasal polyps are benign tumors in the nasal cavity. They are directly related to prolonged chronic inflammation, recurrent episodes of allergic rhinitis, and are manifestations of congested, edematous, and proliferative nasal turbinates mucosa that eventually prolapse. This condition causes persistent bilateral nasal congestion in patients, who may also experience facial swelling, pain, and headaches. If a local infection and rupture occur, it could lead to nasal bleeding, necessitating a detailed examination at a hospital. Diagnoses can be confirmed through an endoscopic nasal examination and sinus CT scans. For treatment, nasal polyps require surgical removal, which can be curative. Additionally, regular follow-up examinations are necessary after surgery to prevent recurrence.