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Zhang Jun
Otolaryngology
About me
Engaged in the field of otolaryngology for ten years, pursued further training at the Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, under the tutelage of Professor Jin Dejun.
Proficient in diseases
Rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal hypertrophy, nasal polyps, acute and chronic pharyngitis, acute and chronic tonsillitis, epiglottitis, laryngitis, vocal cord nodules, vocal cord polyps, laryngeal tumors.
Voices
What are the symptoms of nasal polyps?
Nasal polyps are benign tumors that occur inside the nasal cavity. Generally, the appearance of nasal polyps is associated with chronic inflammatory stimulation, repeated irritation of the turbinate mucosa leading to congestion, edema, prolapse, and hyperplasia of the turbinate mucosa, which causes nasal polyps. They are also often secondary to allergic rhinitis. Nasal polyps can cause bilateral nasal congestion in patients, which tends to persist and worsen, while mucous secretions may also flow from the nasal cavity. In severe cases, patients may experience facial swelling, pain, headaches, and other related symptoms. During examination, pale white lychee-like, soft new growths that are usually painless can be found inside the nasal cavity. In terms of treatment, nasal polyps require endoscopic nasal polypectomy. The surgery requires hospitalization, general anesthesia, and postoperative antibiotics to prevent local infection. Patients can usually recover and be discharged about a week after the surgery. (The use of medications should be under the guidance of a professional doctor.)
How should sinusitis be treated?
Sinusitis is caused by acute inflammatory infections, mainly hemolytic streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus. Pathogens enter the sinuses through the sinus openings due to the patient catching a cold or having a flu, leading to congestion, swelling, hyperplasia, and exudation in the sinus mucosa. Symptoms include persistent nasal congestion, discharge of yellow secretions from the nasal cavity accompanied by a foul smell, and severe cases may also experience facial swelling, pain, and headaches. In terms of treatment, during the acute phase, patients need to first undergo symptomatic anti-inflammatory treatment, taking oral antibiotics such as cephalosporins, which are very effective. Additionally, physiological saline is used for nasal and sinus irrigation. If conservative treatment is ineffective, patients may require endoscopic sinus surgery and sinus mucosa clearance for recovery. (The use of medications should be under the guidance of a professional doctor.)
What are the symptoms of chronic rhinitis?
Chronic rhinitis is caused by recurrent acute rhinitis or prolonged unresolved nasal symptoms. Patients may experience bilateral nasal congestion, which alternates in severity; the congestion is usually less during physical activity during the day and more severe when resting at night. Additionally, the nasal cavity may produce mucous secretions, and when accompanied by bacterial infection, yellow secretions may appear. Patients may also experience headaches, dry mouth, and decreased memory among other related symptoms. During examination, congested and swollen nasal turbinates on both sides are evident, and the effectiveness of ephedrine in causing constriction is good. In treatment, patients can initially use nebulized inhalation to constrict the nasal turbinates and reduce nasal congestion. Regular physical exercise is also needed to restore the function of the nasal mucosa, leading to gradual improvement. If conservative treatment is ineffective, local surgical removal may be required for recovery. (Medication use must be conducted under the guidance of a doctor.)
Allergic rhinitis is like this.
Allergic rhinitis is primarily caused by the inhalation of allergens into the nasal cavity after the body's immunity and resistance has decreased, leading to acute, allergic symptoms. Patients may experience paroxysmal sneezing, generally more than three sneezes, and in severe cases, up to dozens. Symptoms also include itchy nose, itchy eyes, bilateral nasal congestion, and a large amount of worm-like secretions flowing from the nasal cavity. During the examination with a nasal endoscope, pale and swollen nasal concha mucous membranes can be observed on both sides with positive prick tests. In the middle and common nasal passages, abnormal secretions can cover the area. For treatment, allergic rhinitis initially requires hospital examination for allergens, while also avoiding allergens, and taking oral anti-allergy medications. Additionally, patients are advised to engage in physical activities such as swimming and running to enhance immunity and resistance, which can lead to gradual improvement.
Can sinusitis be cured completely?
Sinusitis can be completely cured. Sinusitis, also known as rhinosinusitis, is a condition caused by bacterial infection due to weakened immunity and resistance. Typically, patients may experience sudden high fever with a body temperature above 38°C, dryness and pain in the nasal cavity, and yellow discharge might be present in the nose. Examination can reveal congestion and significant edema of the bilateral middle and inferior turbinates, and abnormal secretions may be found in the middle meatus or common nasal passage. In terms of treatment, since it is a bacterial infection, patients can orally take cephalosporin or penicillin antibiotics, which are effective. Additionally, nasal irrigation with saline solution is necessary. If conservative treatment fails, patients may need to undergo endoscopic sinus surgery and sinus mucosa cleaning to achieve complete recovery. (Medications should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)
Where to massage for chronic rhinitis?
Chronic rhinitis can be alleviated by massaging the Yingxiang acupuncture point to relieve nasal congestion. The exact location of the Yingxiang point is about 1~2cm outside the nostril. Using the index finger of one hand to repeatedly massage for 5~10 minutes can relieve the symptoms of nasal congestion and is quite effective in treating chronic rhinitis. However, patients should not rely solely on massage for treatment because it only provides relief and does not cure the condition fundamentally. For treating chronic rhinitis, patients need to undergo medication treatment. Nebulized inhalation therapy has good effects, can effectively shrink the nasal turbinates, reduce nasal secretions, and alleviate nasal congestion. Additionally, regular exercise is needed to shrink nasal turbinates, restore the contractile and relaxing functions of the turbinate mucosa, improve physical fitness, enhance immunity and resistance, and gradual improvement can occur by avoiding colds. (Please use medication under the guidance of a professional physician.)
What causes throat cancer?
Throat cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the throat area. Its causes are not clear, but it is generally associated with long-term smoking, drinking, exposure to toxic and carcinogenic substances, as well as gastrointestinal dysfunction, acid reflux irritation, prolonged loud speaking, staying up late, fatigue, and malignant transformation of benign tumors, which lead to symptoms in the throat area. It causes persistent hoarseness in patients, and the symptoms progressively worsen. Patients may also experience a foreign body sensation in the throat, a feeling of blockage, a burning sensation, and sometimes difficulty swallowing. Patients should first go to the hospital for a detailed examination with an electronic laryngoscope, which can reveal cauliflower-like neoplasms or ulcers in any part of the throat. If such findings are present, a local biopsy is needed. If the biopsy confirms the presence of a malignant tumor, local surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy is required for treatment.
Does adenoid hypertrophy require nasal irrigation?
Enlarged adenoids require nasal cleansing, which can be done using saline solution for nasal irrigation. During irrigation, the inflammatory secretions on the surfaces of the nasal cavity and the pharyngeal adenoids can be washed off, thereby alleviating the symptoms of enlarged adenoids. This can relieve the patient's nasal congestion and snoring during sleep. This is a conservative treatment method for enlarged adenoids. Additionally, during the acute phase of enlarged adenoids, symptomatic anti-inflammatory treatment is also necessary, using antibiotics such as penicillins or cephalosporins, which are effective. Administration of budesonide via nebulization can also be combined to reduce congestion and edema of the mucous membrane on the surface of the adenoids, relieving symptoms. If the adenoids remain enlarged for an extended period, and conservative treatments are ineffective, and if the patient has severe snoring symptoms, then adenoidectomy might be necessary to completely cure the condition. (Medications should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)
Is hypertrophic turbinates easy to treat?
Enlarged turbinates are very treatable. Generally, turbinate enlargement is due to chronic rhinitis or allergic rhinitis inflammation. Patients may experience bilateral nasal congestion, alternating changes, turbinate congestion, edema, hyperplasia, and the presence of mucous or yellow secretions in the nasal cavity. In treatment, conservative treatments like microwave or laser therapy can be initially used with good effects. However, if a patient repeatedly suffers from colds and inflammation, this can lead to persistent turbinate growth, at which point localized surgical removal may be necessary. Surgery requires general anesthesia and involves partial removal of turbinates on both sides, but the lower third of the inferior turbinate should not be removed to avoid the risk of empty nose syndrome. Postoperative use of antibiotics is necessary to prevent local infections, and improvement can generally be expected within about a week. (Medication usage should be under the guidance of a professional doctor.)
Can I eat watermelon with laryngitis?
Laryngitis can be treated by eating watermelon, which is completely fine. Laryngitis refers to an acute inflammatory infection of the throat, often caused by the invasion of Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus hemolyticus, and it commonly occurs in infants and young children. Due to the loose mucous membranes in the throats of infants and young children, once an inflammatory infection occurs, it can easily cause the patient to have fever, voice changes, hoarseness, a bark-like cough, and the patient may also experience breathing difficulties. In severe cases, it may lead to suffocation or even death. In terms of treatment, patients with laryngitis must receive symptomatic anti-inflammatory treatment, and can take oral or intravenous antibiotics, such as cephalosporin antibiotics, which are effective. Patients also need to use corticosteroids to reduce acute congestion and swelling in the throat, adhere to a light diet, avoid spicy and irritating foods, and eat more vegetables and fruit to gradually improve. (Please use medication under the guidance of a professional doctor.)