Subscribe
14
Tang Mei Xiang
Obstetrics and Gynecology
About me
Graduated from South China University with a master's degree, chief physician, engaged in obstetrics and gynecology work for 25 years
Proficient in diseases
Pre-conception, pregnancy, postpartum guidance. Threatened miscarriage, fetal demise, diagnosis and treatment of fungal vaginitis during pregnancy, common gynecological diseases, management of recurrent diseases, vaginitis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, infertility, family planning guidance, medication-induced abortion, surgical abortion, menstrual disorders.
Voices
The main causes of postpartum hemorrhage
There are four main causes of postpartum hemorrhage: one is uterine atony, two is due to trauma in the soft birth canal, three is due to placental factors, and four is coagulation dysfunction. Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage clinically. Various factors can lead to uterine atony, such as maternal exhaustion during labor due to not eating, leading to physical decay, which can also cause uterine atony. Additionally, an excessively large uterus, such as from excessive amniotic fluid, twins, or triplets, can lead to poor uterine contraction and retraction rates after childbirth. As for injuries in the soft birth canal, they mainly occur due to insufficient protection of the perineum during childbirth or inappropriate use of vacuum assistance during the second stage of labor, causing trauma in the soft birth canal. Placental factors include placental adhesion, placenta accreta, partial placental abruption, and retained placenta, all of which can lead to postpartum bleeding due to placental issues.
What are the symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy?
Ectopic pregnancy refers to the implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity. Because it is not in the environment of the uterus, ectopic pregnancies often end in miscarriage or rupture. The symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy mainly depend on the location of the implantation of the fertilized egg, whether a miscarriage or rupture has occurred, the amount of bleeding, the duration of the bleeding, and whether there is a rupture or miscarriage in a tubal pregnancy. Generally, there are often no specific clinical manifestations in the early stages. If it reaches the middle to late stages, there might be symptoms such as abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. If a tubal pregnancy ruptures, the abdominal pain follows a series of tearing pains, then progresses to generalized abdominal tenderness and rebound pain.
Can you have intercourse with an ectopic pregnancy?
Ectopic pregnancy and sexual intercourse often occur when the patient is unaware, specifically during the early stages when there is no bleeding, no abdominal pain, and only amenorrhea is present; intercourse might occur under these circumstances. However, if there is irregular vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain, suspecting an ectopic pregnancy, it is advised not to have intercourse. This is because intercourse can cause excitement, which might lead some ectopic pregnancy masses to rupture, potentially causing severe bleeding.
What are the early signs of ectopic pregnancy?
Ectopic pregnancy is a common term for what is known as a displaced pregnancy; that is, a condition where the fertilized egg implants outside of the uterine cavity. Therefore, ectopic pregnancy and intrauterine pregnancy are different. In the early stages of an ectopic pregnancy, if there is no splitting of the pregnancy sac or bleeding, there generally are no symptoms. However, the condition can be understood and assessed through some auxiliary examinations. For example, after the cessation of menstruation, an ectopic pregnancy might be accompanied by a small amount of vaginal bleeding, and blood tests for HCG might show that the HCG levels do not double as expected. Or, at a certain gestational week, such as six or seven weeks, an ultrasound might not reveal a pregnancy sac. These are all precursors to an ectopic pregnancy, and if these signs appear, the likelihood of an ectopic pregnancy is very high.