Where is the incision made for nearsightedness surgery?

Written by Deng Jiang Tao
Ophthalmology
Updated on August 31, 2024
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Firstly, myopia surgery essentially involves thinning the cornea by cutting it, which is like transferring the degree of myopia onto the cornea itself. Let's first talk about the layering of the cornea. From front to back, the cornea is divided into five layers, generally consisting of the epithelial layer, anterior elastic layer, stromal layer, posterior elastic layer, and the corneal endothelial layer. Among these layers, the stromal layer is the thickest, about 500 microns, accounting for over 90% of the total corneal thickness. Therefore, during myopia surgery, the main area of cutting is in the stromal layer of the cornea.

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Written by Peng Xi Feng
Ophthalmology
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The main cause of myopia formation

Myopia is primarily caused by the focusing system of the eyeball focusing parallel light rays in front of the retina when our eyes are in a relaxed adjustment state. The far point of a myopic eye is at a certain point in front of the eye. The occurrence of myopia is influenced by a combination of factors including genetics and environment, and the incidence is still being explored. Based on the refractive components, myopia can be classified into refractive myopia and axial myopia. According to the degree of myopia, it can be classified into mild myopia (below 300 degrees), moderate myopia (300 to 600 degrees), and high myopia (above 600 degrees). The clinical manifestations of myopia include blurry distance vision but good near vision, often with fluctuating distance vision where squinting is needed to see clearly at a distance.

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Written by Zhou Qing
Ophthalmology
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How to treat high myopia?

High myopia refers to a degree of nearsightedness above 1000 degrees. High myopia brings great troubles to people, even affecting their diet and preventing them from participating in high-intensity physical exercise. It may also lead to complications such as retinal detachment, cataracts, macular hemorrhage, macular degeneration, vitreous liquefaction degeneration, and glaucoma. The treatment of high myopia has always been a major challenge in ophthalmology. With the advent of refractive lens exchange surgery, after extensive clinical practice, it has now become a better option for correcting vision in patients with extremely high myopia. The refractive state of the eyeball is mainly determined by the refractive power of the eyeball and the length of the eye axis. In cases of nearsightedness, the lengthening of the eye axis causes the light to focus in front of the retina, making it difficult for patients to see distant objects clearly. During refractive lens exchange surgery, a concave lens specifically tailored to the patient is implanted into the eyeball to change the focal point of the light so that it accurately focuses on the retina, achieving the purpose of correcting nearsightedness. Refractive lens exchange surgery maintains the integrity and accommodative function of the eye's physiological structure, has a larger optical zone, eliminates aberrations, and has a wider range of adaptability compared to corneal refractive surgery. Post-surgery, patients experience less discomfort, faster vision recovery, stable refraction, and no regression phenomenon.

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Written by Hu Shu Fang
Ophthalmology
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What department should you visit for nearsightedness?

People with nearsightedness should visit the ophthalmology department, as it is a major type of refractive error in outpatient services. Nearsightedness means clarity when looking at close objects, but blurriness when viewing objects at a distance. Currently, nearsightedness in adolescents is a significant health issue in China. Patients with nearsightedness should see an ophthalmologist at a qualified hospital for eye examinations to rule out any eye diseases, and then wear prescription glasses with the correct diopters to prevent the progression of nearsightedness. Additionally, those with nearsightedness must regularly visit the doctor to check their eyes.

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Written by Zheng Xin
Ophthalmology
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Does nearsightedness surgery require hospitalization?

Myopia surgery does not require hospitalization; it is completed on an outpatient basis. Before the surgery, routine blood tests, screenings for infectious diseases, and specialized eye examinations are conducted. If the pre-operative examinations are thorough and there are no contraindications for surgery, the procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis. After the surgery, patients can go home and must return to the surgical hospital the next day for a follow-up examination. Post-operative medication should be used as prescribed by the surgeon, and regular follow-up appointments should be scheduled.

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Written by Lian Wen Xi
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Can children's myopia be corrected?

Myopia in children can be corrected, but this correction simply brings the child's vision to a normal level and does not mean that true myopia can be reversed. Myopia can be divided into true myopia and false myopia. False myopia can be restored to normal vision through appropriate rest and a series of relieving recoveries. However, if diagnosed with true myopia, there is currently no method available to reduce the degree of myopia and restore the child's normal vision. Moreover, once true myopia occurs, it will not stop and typically increases every year until the child reaches adulthood, when it gradually stops. Therefore, before the child reaches adulthood, it is worth considering using methods such as wearing glasses and developing good eye habits to control the increase in the child's degree of myopia and to achieve the purpose of correcting the child's vision.