Does periodontitis require tooth extraction?

Written by Li Bao Hua
Dentistry
Updated on September 10, 2024
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Whether tooth extraction is needed for periodontitis depends on the severity of the inflammation. If the periodontitis is not severe, with no absorption of the alveolar bone, and there is only simple inflammation of the gums, it typically manifests as gum bleeding or bleeding when brushing teeth. There can be dental soft plaque around the gums, or dental plaque irritates and causes the gums to become red, swollen, and pus may ooze. In this case, scaling can be done to remove local irritants, followed by rinsing and medicating around the teeth. This can effectively control the progression of periodontitis and does not require tooth extraction. However, if it causes absorption of the alveolar bone and significant loosening of the teeth, tooth extraction may be necessary.

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Written by Li Bao Hua
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What is periodontitis?

Periodontitis is an inflammation of the periodontal supporting tissues, including the gums, periodontal membrane, alveolar bone, and cementum. The early stages of periodontitis are mainly caused by irritants such as tartar, plaque, and soft deposits around the teeth, leading to swollen, pus-leaking gums, or bleeding during eating and brushing. If not treated promptly, tartar will adhere above and below the gums, forming supragingival and subgingival calculus. For calculus above the gums, ultrasonic cleaning, also known as dental scaling, is required. For calculus below the gums, it can be removed through curettage. If the mobility of the teeth improves after removal, the periodontitis can then enter the maintenance phase for the teeth.

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What are the symptoms of periodontitis?

Periodontitis stems from the further development of gingivitis, sharing many symptoms, including gum redness, congestion, and pain when eating. Additionally, periodontitis can cause teeth to become loose, and in severe cases, lead to tooth loss. There is also the presence of a periodontal ligament condition. Generally, gingivitis corresponds to a pseudo periodontal ligament while periodontitis involves the actual periodontal ligament due to the resorption of the alveolar bone—this distinction is crucial in differentiating gingivitis from periodontitis. Periodontitis features true periodontal ligament formation concurrent with the resorption of the jawbone. Dietary precautions for periodontitis include avoiding hard foods and not chewing hard objects to prevent resorption of the alveolar bone in the root apex area.

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Can periodontitis be cured?

Periodontitis is a serious condition that develops if gingivitis is not treated promptly. Mild periodontitis can be cured. If periodontitis is detected early, it can be controlled by dental cleaning, removing dental plaque, food residues, tartar, or soft deposits around the teeth, and then rinsing and medicating the gum tissue. If periodontitis further progresses to cause partial absorption of the alveolar bone, this stage can also be treated by guided bone regeneration to cure periodontitis. If severe, with extensive absorption of the alveolar bone and significant loosening of the teeth, it is very difficult to cure.

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What should I do if my front tooth falls out due to periodontitis?

Periodontitis has caused the loss of a front tooth, necessitating prompt dental restoration. After the loss of a front tooth due to periodontitis, it's important first to check whether there has been any resorption of the alveolar bone. If the alveolar bone is normal and shows no signs of inflammatory resorption, dental restoration can proceed directly. If the condition of the alveolar bone is favorable, an implant can be considered. During implantation, a single tooth is implanted, allowing for direct restoration with a porcelain crown without the need to grind the adjacent healthy teeth. However, if opting for a bridge, it may be necessary to grind the adjacent healthy teeth to support the bridge, meaning that at least three teeth would need to be involved in the restoration.

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What department should I go to for periodontitis?

Periodontitis is an inflammatory reaction that occurs in the supporting tissues of the periodontium, commonly presenting as gingivitis or periodontitis in clinical settings. Gingivitis, the early stage of periodontitis, is caused by food residues left after eating, which calcify under the action of saliva to form tartar. This tartar further irritates and causes inflammation of the gingival or periodontal tissues. Initially, one should visit the ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) department for this condition. If the specialties are further divided, one can consult the oral medicine department under ENT. If oral medicine is further subdivided, a visit to the periodontal department is necessary. Therefore, for detailed treatment of periodontitis, it is advisable to visit the periodontology department within the oral specialties to undergo teeth cleaning followed by gingival medication to improve the symptoms of periodontitis.