Cavities, also known as dental caries, are a chronic, progressive, destructive disease caused by bacterial infection of the hard tissues of the teeth. Based on clinical manifestations, cavities can be classified into incipient, moderate, and deep caries. Incipient caries are limited to the enamel layer and might present as demineralization of the teeth, a condition that can be treated with tooth remineralization. If the cavity reaches the dentin layer, clinically it is characterized by pain while eating or sensitivity to cold, heat, or sweet and sour stimuli, and this condition requires the removal of the decayed dental tissue followed by filling treatment. Early treatment of cavities usually does not involve noticeable pain; however, if not treated promptly, the decay can further progress and potentially lead to nerve infection of the tooth, causing severe pain.