Clinical manifestations of glioma

Written by Chen Yu Fei
Neurosurgery
Updated on September 14, 2024
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For patients with glioma, as it is a malignant tumor with a rapid growth rate, they may exhibit severe symptoms at the early stage of the disease, including severe headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, poor mental state, poor sleep quality at night, frequent insomnia and nightmares, and easy waking up. As the tumor increases in size, it often causes an increase in intracranial pressure. In severe cases, this may lead to optic disc edema, decreased vision, and visual field defects. Additionally, some patients may experience impairment in motor functions, manifesting as hemiplegia, and in some cases, aphasia. It is advised to undergo surgery in the early stages, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

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Written by Chen Yu Fei
Neurosurgery
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Is glioma a terminal illness?

Glioblastoma is not an incurable disease. Patients with glioblastoma have a type of malignant tumor that tends to grow rapidly. These tumors often adhere to surrounding brain tissue in the early stages, making complete surgical removal difficult. If any glioma cells remain after surgery, the tumor tissue will gradually grow over time. Thus, patients with glioblastoma are prone to recurrence, but it is not an incurable disease. If early detection and surgical removal can be achieved, and supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, it can maximize the therapeutic effects of the surgery, thereby effectively improving the prognosis and delaying the progression of the disease. This approach can relatively extend the patient's lifespan, and some patients may even achieve long-term survival.

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Written by Gao Yi Shen
Neurosurgery
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Glioma Symptoms

The symptoms of glioma are numerous, and it is essential to make judgments based on the situation. The most common clinical manifestations are headaches, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms may persist for a relatively long period and are relatively mild, not immediately noticeable at the time. Additionally, some patients may experience a decline in cognitive function, colloquially described as becoming less intelligent. This is especially common in gliomas of the frontal lobe. If the glioma is located in the occipital lobe, it often causes visual disturbances, such as blurred vision and visual field defects. In cases of temporal lobe gliomas, frequent seizures and impaired limb mobility may occur. For cerebellar gliomas, symptoms can include a decline in cognitive function and ataxia, among others.

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Written by Jiang Fang Shuai
Neurosurgery
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Late-stage symptoms of glioma

The continuous growth of gliomas or the occurrence of tumor stroke hemorrhages can lead to very high intracranial pressure in patients in the late stages. This results in severe headaches with persistent attacks, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Projectile vomiting is a typical manifestation of increased intracranial pressure. Patients may experience changes in consciousness, such as drowsiness, stupor, and coma. As the condition progresses to brain herniation, patients can fall into a deep coma, with either bilateral or unilateral pupil dilation and loss of light reflex. Vital signs become unstable, ultimately leading to death due to heart and respiratory arrest caused by the brain herniation.

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Written by Chen Yu Fei
Neurosurgery
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Glioma Symptoms

For patients with glioma, they often exhibit certain degrees of headache and dizziness, with headaches typically located bilaterally in the frontal or temporal regions. The nature of the pain is relatively sharp, manifesting as intermittent attacks that progressively worsen over time. Long-standing gliomas easily induce a notable increase in intracranial pressure, presenting with severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, and even a decrease in vision or visual field defects. When the glioma is located in the parietal lobe and affects important motor function areas, it can lead to unilateral or bilateral limb weakness, numbness, pain, and possibly even trigger hemiplegia.

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Written by Gao Yi Shen
Neurosurgery
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Is a glioma benign or malignant?

Glioblastoma is the most common form of malignant tumor inside the skull, and the vast majority of glioblastomas are highly malignant. Once changes in this condition are detected, generally, the patient doesn't have much time left. If it is a relatively better glioblastoma, which means it is highly differentiated, the survival time is about 1-2 years. For some poorer glioblastomas, or those with low differentiation, their survival period is often only about six months, and they continuously spread along with nerve fibers to the surrounding areas. They might even metastasize to distant places through cerebrospinal fluid, blood, lymph, and other means. Therefore, even if surgery is used to remove a single lesion, other parts of the body may still demonstrate metastatic lesions. Hence, the treatment approach for this is comprehensive.