How to lower high blood pressure?

Written by Liu Ying
Cardiology
Updated on October 31, 2024
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Hypertension is divided into primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. If it is secondary hypertension, removing the factors that cause high blood pressure can cure it. For example, if the hypertension is caused by an adrenal tumor, removing the tumor can normalize blood pressure. However, if diagnosed with primary hypertension, lifelong medication is required. There are many types of medications available, which need to be specifically analyzed based on the individual situation. If the patient primarily has high systolic pressure, it is recommended to use some calcium channel blockers, which are commonly used for elderly patients who primarily exhibit high systolic pressure. If it is primarily high diastolic pressure, some ACE inhibitors or ARBs are suggested. If sympathetic excitement is predominant, some β-blockers can be used. (Medication should be taken under the guidance of a professional doctor.)

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Difference between hypertensive crisis and hypertensive encephalopathy

Hypertensive crisis, now referred to as hypertensive emergency, includes hypertensive encephalopathy. It mainly refers to cases where, under certain triggers, the blood pressure of patients with primary or secondary hypertension suddenly or significantly rises, typically exceeding 180/120 mmHg, accompanied by progressive failure of critical target organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys. Hypertensive emergencies include hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, acute heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, aortic dissection, etc. Hypertensive encephalopathy is characterized by symptoms caused by hypertension, such as headache, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, and severe edema of the head.

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The difference between hypertensive nephropathy and renal hypertension

Hypertensive nephropathy and hypertension due to kidney disease need to be differentiated, as this affects the treatment approach and prognosis assessment differently. Hypertensive nephropathy refers to patients with long-term high blood pressure, which causes arteriosclerosis of small vessels leading to renal pathology. Often, there is also arteriosclerosis in other organs, such as the retinal arteries, which can be confirmed through funduscopic examination. On the other hand, hypertension due to kidney disease occurs when a patient has kidney disease first followed by hypertension, where the causes and types of kidney diseases vary and can frequently lead to hypertension. The difference between the two lies in the sequence of occurrence. Hypertensive nephropathy is characterized by initial high blood pressure and commonly associated with arteriosclerosis in other vessels, which can be preliminarily identified through funduscopic examination. In cases of hypertension due to kidney disease, the patient has other kidney disorders first, followed by hypertension. If a patient's 24-hour urine protein quantification exceeds 2g, it is likely due to kidney disease rather than hypertensive nephropathy. If differentiation remains challenging, kidney biopsy can be performed for further differentiation.

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Symptoms of hypertension

Hypertension is a common and frequently occurring disease clinically. Mild hypertension often has no clinical symptoms and is usually detected during physical examinations when measuring blood pressure reveals an increase. In cases of severe hypertension, individuals with long-term high blood pressure may experience dizziness, a feeling of pressure in the head, and headaches. In serious cases, symptoms can include tinnitus and palpitations, requiring the use of effective antihypertensive medications for management. If patients with hypertension do not use medications to manage their condition, long-term high blood pressure can cause significant harm to the body, leading to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension-induced heart disease, and stroke. (Please use medications under the guidance of a doctor.)

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What is the blood pressure for gestational hypertension?

Pregnancy-induced hypertension refers to a series of pathophysiological changes caused by elevated blood pressure in women during pregnancy. It is a severe complication of pregnancy that can have serious effects on both the mother and the fetus. The diagnostic standard for hypertension during pregnancy is the same as in non-pregnant periods, that is, a blood pressure greater than 140/90mmHg can be diagnosed as pregnancy-induced hypertension. However, pregnancy-induced hypertension can be classified based on whether it is combined with other conditions, as well as the severity of the condition. Depending on the severity, pregnancy-induced hypertension can be divided into categories such as gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, chronic hypertension, and chronic hypertension with superimposed pre-eclampsia. These classifications are mainly based on the severity of the condition, and it is essential to treat pregnancy-induced hypertension with standardized care.

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Is high diastolic pressure considered high blood pressure?

If the diastolic blood pressure exceeds 90 mmHg, hypertension should also be considered. Patients with a high diastolic blood pressure who do not actively undergo hypotensive treatment can suffer long-term damage to target organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys, as well as severe hypertensive complications. For patients with high diastolic blood pressure, it is also necessary to adopt effective lifestyle adjustments and choose clinically frontline antihypertensive drugs for long-term treatment. Only by effectively controlling elevated diastolic pressure in the long term can severe target organ damage and hypertensive complications be avoided, thus improving the clinical prognosis for patients with hypertension.