Does sciatica cause numbness in the legs?

Written by Guan Jing Tao
Orthopedics
Updated on December 30, 2024
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Sciatica can cause sensory abnormalities in one lower limb and even lead to muscle weakness. It can also cause numbness and sensory abnormalities on the dorsum or sole of the foot. However, foot numbness should first exclude causes like exposure to cold or poor blood circulation in the lower limbs. After excluding other causes of foot numbness, it can be diagnosed as sciatica-induced symptoms such as foot numbness. At this time, it is advisable to actively nourish the nerves and avoid certain postures that may aggravate sciatica. Additionally, sciatica can also be caused by lumbar disc herniation, or simply by the local compression of the sciatic nerve in its course.

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Written by Na Hong Wei
Orthopedics
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What should I do about sciatica?

For sciatica, absolute bed rest is initially required, ideally lasting three weeks. If three weeks is not possible, at least one week is necessary. Secondly, continual traction is used, which can widen the intervertebral space, reduce the internal disk pressure, and potentially expand the spinal canal, thereby alleviating stimulation and compression of the nerve roots. Thirdly, you can take some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or some traditional Chinese medicines, many of which contain pain-relieving ingredients. Fourthly, consider undergoing physical therapy, including physiotherapy, acupressure, and massage. Fifthly, intradiscal injections, intradiscal blockade, or catheter blockade can be considered. Sixthly, chemical dissolution of the nucleus pulposus can be considered. Thus, these are the basic treatment methods for sciatica.

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Written by Li Jin
Orthopedics
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What foods should be avoided with sciatica?

Patients with sciatic nerve pain should be cautious with their diet in daily life. Avoid consuming spicy and stimulating foods such as chili peppers and black pepper. Avoid high-fat, high-calorie foods such as fatty meats, barbecued and fried foods. Also, reduce the intake of foods high in sugar like various pastries and sweets, as these foods are detrimental to health. Patients with sciatic nerve pain should eat more foods rich in high-quality protein and vitamins such as milk, eggs, beans, chicken, fish, fresh vegetables, and fruits. These foods are beneficial to health.

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Written by Na Hong Wei
Orthopedics
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Symptoms of Sciatica

Symptoms of sciatica: First, sciatica often occurs in the lumbar 4 and lumbar 5, or between lumbar 5 and sacral 1 disc herniation. Second, the primary symptom of sciatica is pain, which typically originates in the lower back and can radiate to the buttock, posterior thigh, the lateral side of the calf, and the lateral edge of the foot sole. Pain usually has a triggering factor, such as coughing, sneezing, defecation, etc., basically any activity that increases abdominal pressure can cause radiating pain of the sciatic nerve. Third, the area innervated by the sciatic nerve may become hypersensitive, with some people feeling pain, others feeling heat, and still others feeling cold, until the later stages where it generally becomes numbness and dullness. Fourth, there are limitations in movement of the lower back or limbs, with many patients reporting a feeling as if there’s a shortened tendon at the back of the thigh, restricting movement. These are the primary symptoms of sciatica.

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Orthopedics
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Sciatica obvious symptoms

Sciatica is divided into primary sciatica, which is sciatic neuritis, and secondary sciatica. This is due to other causes leading to swelling and pain. Clinically, it generally manifests in the following six aspects: First, pain that is primarily limited to the distribution area of the sciatic nerve, including the back of the thigh, the back of the calf, the outer side, and the sole of the foot, as well as the lateral side of the dorsum of the foot. Second, muscle strength governed by the sciatic nerve begins to diminish. Third, there are fixed tender points. Tender points are located at the ischial notch or could also be at the exit of the piriformis muscle. Fourth, there are symptoms of sciatic nerve traction, such as positive limb elevation, or positive straight leg raise test and enhancement test. Fifth, the Achilles tendon reflex is weakened or absent, while the muscle penetrative reflex is abnormally heightened due to stimulation. Sixth pertains to abnormal sensations in the areas governed by the sciatic nerve, including reduced or absent sensations, reduced absolute vibration at the external ankle, and some very mild sensory disturbances.

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What does sciatica cause?

Sciatica generally causes changes in six aspects. The first is pain, which mainly occurs along the distribution area of the sciatic nerve, including the back of the thigh, the posterior and lateral sides of the calf, and the lateral side of the foot and sole. I have seen a patient with severe sciatica who had to stay in bed with his head down and buttocks up to minimize spinal canal pressure, finding some relief only in this position. The second change is a decrease in muscle strength, which can even lead to muscle atrophy. The third aspect involves the pathway of the sciatic nerve, including the exit of the piriformis muscle, with tenderness and percussion pain along the course of the nerve. The fourth aspect includes symptoms of sciatic nerve traction, which involves positive results in straight leg raise tests and cross-legged tests. The fifth point is a weakened or absent Achilles reflex, due to the sciatic nerve's innervation of the muscles on the back of the thigh, leading to a decrease or disappearance of the Achilles reflex. The sixth point is abnormal sensations in the area innervated by the sciatic nerve, including reduced or lost sensations or mild sensory disturbances.