How to treat esophageal cancer metastasis?

Written by Peng Li Bo
Oncology
Updated on August 31, 2024
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The metastasis of esophageal cancer involves several aspects. The first aspect is the metastasis of lymph nodes, including those around the esophagus. If the number of metastatic lymph nodes is small and the tumor's location is suitable for surgical removal, then surgery can still be considered.

The second issue involves cases where there is lymph node metastasis but with a higher number and wider spread, making surgical treatment unfeasible. In such cases, radical radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be considered to treat the esophageal cancer.

Of course, there are also some new methods available now, such as immunotherapy, which can be considered along with others. Also, to improve symptoms of esophageal stricture, using an esophageal stent to control the difficulty of swallowing associated with esophageal cancer is also possible.

Other Voices

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Written by Zhu Dan Hua
Gastroenterology
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Distinction between esophagitis and esophageal cancer

Esophagitis and esophageal cancer are different diseases. Esophagitis refers to inflammatory changes in the esophagus, characterized by mucosal congestion, edema, and even erosion, commonly seen in middle-aged patients. Patients most often seek medical attention for abdominal discomfort or chest pain, and some may also experience nausea, belching, and so on. Esophageal cancer is more common in older patients, primarily presenting with progressively worsening dysphagia, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and so on. Some cancer symptoms may be similar to those of esophagitis. The main method for differential diagnosis includes a thorough gastroscopic examination to provide further clarification. Esophagitis mainly manifests as inflammatory changes in the esophageal mucosa; in the case of esophageal cancer, a gastroscopic examination can directly reveal esophageal tumors, thereby facilitating differentiation.

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Written by Hu Zhong Dong
Medical Oncology
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Late-stage symptoms of esophageal cancer

What are the symptoms of late-stage esophageal cancer? Because in the early stages of esophageal cancer, the symptoms are often not very obvious, which leads many people to overlook them. By the time they feel very uncomfortable and seek medical advice, the cancer is generally in the middle to late stages. One common symptom in the later stages is progressive difficulty swallowing, which is a main symptom presented by many patients at the time of consultation. However, this symptom generally occurs only when about two-thirds of the esophagus's circumference has been infiltrated by the tumor, making swallowing difficulties a late-stage symptom. Other symptoms of late-stage esophageal cancer include hoarseness if the tumor compresses the recurrent laryngeal nerve, belching if it invades the diaphragmatic nerves, and symptoms like breathing difficulties and coughing if it compresses the airway.

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Written by Hu Zhong Dong
Medical Oncology
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Esophageal cancer symptoms

In fact, the early symptoms of esophageal cancer are not very obvious. Some people only experience a slight discomfort when swallowing, and others might feel mild pain behind the sternum. However, in the advanced stages, the symptoms become more noticeable, such as progressive difficulty swallowing. Additionally, if the tumor compresses the laryngeal nerve, it can cause hoarseness. If it compresses the trachea, symptoms like shortness of breath and dry cough can occur. If the tumor erodes into the aorta, it can lead to severe bleeding.

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Written by Hu Zhong Dong
Medical Oncology
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Is esophageal cancer prone to bone metastasis?

Modes of spread and metastasis of esophageal cancer. In the early to mid-stages, the spread is mainly intramural, as the esophagus lacks a serosal layer, making it easy to directly invade adjacent organs. Lymphatic metastasis is also a major route of spread for esophageal cancer. In advanced stages, the cancer metastasizes through the bloodstream to the liver, lungs, kidneys, and even bones. In cases of bone metastasis, treatment options such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and anti-bone metastasis treatment can be chosen based on the patient's general condition. If the patient experiences significant pain, pain relief medication can be chosen according to the three-step ladder for cancer pain treatment to alleviate symptoms.

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Written by Peng Li Bo
Oncology
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The difference between esophagitis and esophageal cancer

The differences between esophagitis and esophageal cancer are significant. Esophagitis is an inflammation and is benign, but esophageal cancer is malignant, marking a stark contrast between the two. However, both esophagitis and esophageal cancer can have similar clinical symptoms, such as acid reflux, hiccups, heartburn, pain behind the breastbone, discomfort, and a burning sensation behind the breastbone, so symptoms can be similar. However, a more typical symptom of esophageal cancer is a sensation of swallowing obstruction, since there is actually something in the esophagus. Inflammation, after all, is just that, and it does not involve a mass forming inside the esophagus that could block it, hindering the ability to drink water, eat food, or swallow.