Dietary Considerations for Thalassemia

Written by Li Fang Fang

Hematology

Updated on September 05, 2024

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Thalassemia, also known as hemoglobin synthesis disorder anemia, is a genetic disease that falls under the category of genetic disorders. It is caused by abnormalities in the genes related to globin, leading to a deficiency in globin quantity, which in turn causes thalassemia. Since thalassemia is a genetic disorder, there are no specific dietary considerations. The severity of thalassemia is also defined by the number of affected genes; the fewer the affected genes, the milder the condition.

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Written by Zhang Yin Xing

Obstetrics

1min 7sec

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What impact does thalassemia have on the fetus?

Thalassemia is a common autosomal genetic disease with a high incidence in the southern regions of our country, divided into alpha type and beta type, and based on severity, it is further classified into silent, mild, moderate, and severe types. For fetuses with silent and mild thalassemia, there are usually no obvious symptoms, and no treatment is required; for moderate and severe thalassemia fetuses, we aim to prevent their birth, so it is necessary to conduct relevant tests on both spouses before and during early pregnancy to determine whether they carry the pathogenic genes for thalassemia. For fetuses with moderate or severe thalassemia, intrauterine growth retardation, abnormal skeletal development, and enlargement of the liver and spleen can occur; fetuses with severe thalassemia mostly die in utero or after birth. Fetuses with moderate thalassemia require long-term treatments after birth, such as blood transfusions, iron removal, and splenectomy, and even with such treatments, it is difficult for them to develop into adulthood.

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Written by Li Fang Fang

Hematology

36sec

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Can people with thalassemia not take iron supplements?

Thalassemia is a hereditary disease, classified as hemolytic anemia. Patients with thalassemia do not suffer from iron deficiency; rather, the anemia is caused by thalassemia itself, and iron supplementation is ineffective. However, if a patient with thalassemia also has concurrent iron deficiency anemia, then iron supplementation is necessary. During iron supplement treatment, it is also essential to conduct comprehensive examinations to ascertain the cause of the iron deficiency anemia and address the underlying cause.

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Written by Li Fang Fang

Hematology

34sec

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Dietary Considerations for Thalassemia

Thalassemia, also known as hemoglobin synthesis disorder anemia, is a genetic disease that falls under the category of genetic disorders. It is caused by abnormalities in the genes related to globin, leading to a deficiency in globin quantity, which in turn causes thalassemia. Since thalassemia is a genetic disorder, there are no specific dietary considerations. The severity of thalassemia is also defined by the number of affected genes; the fewer the affected genes, the milder the condition.

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Written by He Li Fang

Hematology

1min

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What is thalassemia?

Thalassemia, commonly referred to as thalassemia, is a type of hereditary hemolytic anemia caused by mutations or deletions in the globin gene, leading to insufficient synthesis of globin peptide chains. This condition is termed thalassemia when characterized by a deficiency in globin chains. Clinically, based on the severity of the anemia, it is categorized into mild, intermediate, and severe types. The disease is widely distributed in many regions of the world, predominantly prevalent in the Mediterranean area, the Middle East, Africa, Southeast Asia, and southern China, including Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Hong Kong, northern Taiwan, as well as Yunnan, Guizhou, Hainan, Fujian, Hunan, and Hubei, with less prevalence in the north of China.

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Written by He Li Fang

Hematology

2min 14sec

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How long can someone with thalassemia live?

The lifespan of patients with thalassemia depends on its specific type. Thalassemia is categorized into four types: silent carrier, thalassemia trait, hemoglobin H disease, and hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome. Among these, silent carriers and those with thalassemia trait present no clinical symptoms or characteristics. Patients with hemoglobin H disease appear normal at birth and show no symptoms of anemia before the age of one. As they age, the characteristics of hemoglobin H disease gradually emerge, manifesting as mild to severe chronic anemia. However, these patients do not exhibit the physical appearance typical of hemoglobin anemia, their physiological development is normal, and they can live long term without significant impact on lifespan. Patients with hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome can cause stillbirth, miscarriage, or premature birth during the late pregnancy stages of 30 to 40 weeks, and most die within hours, significantly affecting lifespan. Thalassemia is also divided into mild, intermediate, and severe forms. Most patients with mild thalassemia have no symptoms, though a few may show signs of mild anemia and have normal growth and development without skeletal abnormalities. Severe thalassemia patients, however, are indistinguishable from normal infants at birth but start to show clinical symptoms between three to six months old, and the anemia progressively worsens. They require regular blood transfusions for survival. These patients often evolve to develop the typical appearance associated with thalassemia. Due to long-term transfusions, they suffer from iron overload, compromised immune systems, recurrent infections, and myocardial damage. Consequently, many children with severe thalassemia die young, and those who live into their teens often exhibit delayed sexual maturity and underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics.