The lifespan of patients with thalassemia depends on its specific type. Thalassemia is categorized into four types: silent carrier, thalassemia trait, hemoglobin H disease, and hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome. Among these, silent carriers and those with thalassemia trait present no clinical symptoms or characteristics. Patients with hemoglobin H disease appear normal at birth and show no symptoms of anemia before the age of one. As they age, the characteristics of hemoglobin H disease gradually emerge, manifesting as mild to severe chronic anemia. However, these patients do not exhibit the physical appearance typical of hemoglobin anemia, their physiological development is normal, and they can live long term without significant impact on lifespan. Patients with hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome can cause stillbirth, miscarriage, or premature birth during the late pregnancy stages of 30 to 40 weeks, and most die within hours, significantly affecting lifespan. Thalassemia is also divided into mild, intermediate, and severe forms. Most patients with mild thalassemia have no symptoms, though a few may show signs of mild anemia and have normal growth and development without skeletal abnormalities. Severe thalassemia patients, however, are indistinguishable from normal infants at birth but start to show clinical symptoms between three to six months old, and the anemia progressively worsens. They require regular blood transfusions for survival. These patients often evolve to develop the typical appearance associated with thalassemia. Due to long-term transfusions, they suffer from iron overload, compromised immune systems, recurrent infections, and myocardial damage. Consequently, many children with severe thalassemia die young, and those who live into their teens often exhibit delayed sexual maturity and underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics.