How to reduce swelling in diabetic foot

Written by Li Hui Zhi
Endocrinology
Updated on September 17, 2024
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How to reduce swelling in diabetic foot depends on the condition of the swelling. If the swelling is due to a wound on the diabetic foot causing localized redness and swelling, this condition needs anti-infective treatment. It is recommended to culture the wound secretion and choose a sensitive antibiotic; if the swelling is diffuse in the foot, it is also recommended to perform an ultrasound of the lower limb vessels, including arteries and veins. If this indicates poor venous return in the lower limbs or venous thrombosis, treatment to prevent thrombosis and improve venous return should also be added.

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Care for diabetic foot

The first fundamental step is monitoring blood glucose; good control of blood glucose levels is essential for the effective management of diabetic foot problems. Secondly, attention must be paid to the protection of the wound. It's crucial to keep the wound clean, perform regular cleaning and disinfection, and when necessary, debride necrotic tissue thoroughly. For instance, if there is a sinus tract or deep ulceration, it is essential to open the wound and ensure drainage, removing all necrotic tissue inside. Thirdly, footwear choice is critical for patients with diabetic foot; it is important to wear shoes that are loose fitting, moderately soft yet firm, and capable of evenly distributing pressure across the footbed. There are shoes specially designed for those with diabetic foot, and these can be custom-made. Other considerations include maintaining good blood pressure control and ensuring adequate nutrition to support wound healing, including sufficient protein intake, which plays a vital role in promoting wound repair.

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Gestational diabetes check at how many weeks?

Screening for gestational diabetes is generally recommended between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy, using a 75g glucose tolerance test to measure fasting blood glucose, blood glucose one hour after consuming glucose, and blood glucose two hours after consuming glucose. However, for pregnant women with high-risk factors, it is recommended to screen for blood glucose at their first prenatal visit. High-risk factors include women with a history of gestational diabetes, a history of delivering a large baby, obesity or polycystic ovary syndrome, those with a first-degree relative with a history of diabetes, positive fasting blood glucose or urinary glucose in early pregnancy, those who have had multiple unexplained miscarriages, fetal malformation, stillbirth history, and women who have given birth to newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. These women should all be screened for blood glucose at their first prenatal visit.

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Written by Zhou Yan
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Is the elderly person's diabetes severe?

Elderly diabetes often begins in a concealed manner, lacking the typical symptoms of excessive drinking, eating, urination, and weight loss. At the same time, it has many complications, such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic cardiopathy, making its manifestations more diverse and extensive. In addition, it can be complicated by infections, ketoacidosis, and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome, both of which have very high mortality rates. Fourthly, diabetes often coexists with multiple chronic diseases in the elderly, including angina, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and heart failure, thus increasing the risk associated with polypharmacy. Fifthly, hypoglycemia can easily occur and is difficult to diagnose and treat promptly, often leading to severe adverse events such as falls and cardiovascular incidents. Therefore, we should pay more attention to diabetes in elderly individuals, managing it more thoroughly to enable a happier life in their later years.

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Causes of Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes refers to the abnormality of blood sugar levels that occurs during pregnancy, at which time it is called gestational diabetes. The reason for the occurrence of gestational diabetes is due to significant changes in the body's endocrine hormones after pregnancy. The body releases many hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, which can increase insulin resistance. Thus, a much greater amount of insulin is needed to maintain normal blood sugar levels. If the pancreatic beta cells are not sufficient to compensate for the increased insulin secretion needed to meet the normal metabolic requirements caused by these resistance factors, then elevated blood sugar and abnormal glucose metabolism occur, ultimately leading to gestational diabetes.

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What should pregnant women with diabetes eat?

If a pregnant woman has been diagnosed with gestational diabetes during pregnancy, it is still necessary to decide what food to eat based on the specific blood sugar levels. If the current blood sugar level is relatively stable, she can follow a diabetic diet, eat smaller meals more frequently, and consume more fresh fruits and vegetables. It's important to avoid foods that cause high blood sugar, and it is essential to walk or engage in appropriate exercise 30 minutes after eating to help metabolize the blood sugar. However, if the blood sugar remains high and does not decrease significantly, insulin might be needed to lower the blood sugar levels.