Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia

Written by He Li Fang
Hematology
Updated on September 05, 2024
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The clinical manifestations of iron deficiency anemia consist of symptoms due to the anemia itself, specific manifestations of iron deficiency, and the underlying diseases causing the iron deficiency. The onset of anemia is often insidious, with some patients progressing very slowly. Initially, patients can adapt well to daily life and continue with their work, making it difficult to detect. It is usually not until the anemia becomes moderate to severe and symptoms become apparent that it is discovered. Common symptoms of anemia include dizziness, headaches, weakness, easy fatigue, palpitations, and shortness of breath after activity. Some patients might also experience a decline in memory and suffer from tinnitus and blurred vision. Some affected children may exhibit delayed growth and development or even abnormal behaviors, which can manifest as irritability, restlessness, inattention in class, and declining academic performance. A few patients may develop pica, a specific manifestation of iron deficiency anemia. Additionally, some patients might suffer from angular cheilitis, glossitis, and even atrophy of the tongue papillae. Severe cases can experience transient blindness and fainting, hence it is crucial to seek medical attention for iron deficiency anemia at the earliest.

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Written by He Li Fang
Hematology
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How long does iron deficiency anemia need to be treated?

Patients with iron deficiency anemia typically need several months of iron supplementation treatment. The specific reason is that after taking iron supplements, patients' subjective symptoms can recover quickly. The count of reticulocytes generally begins to rise within three to four days after starting the medication, reaching a peak around seven days. Hemoglobin levels notably increase within two weeks of treatment, and generally return to normal around two months. After correcting anemia, it is necessary to continue treatment for at least another three months because the body's iron stores need further supplementation. It is necessary to restore serum ferritin levels to fifty micrograms per liter to replenish these stores fully. This is required to achieve a true cure of iron deficiency anemia, as without this, patients are prone to relapse. Therefore, regular and long-term effective use of iron supplements is an essential basis for ensuring the treatment effectiveness of iron deficiency anemia.

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Written by He Li Fang
Hematology
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Can people with iron deficiency anemia drink tea?

The first aspect of treating patients with iron deficiency anemia is etiological treatment. It is necessary to remove the causes of iron deficiency as much as possible. While simple iron supplementation can restore blood indices, if the primary disease is not actively treated, it cannot fundamentally solve anemia. If left untreated, anemia in patients is prone to recurrence. Secondly, iron supplementation is the clinical priority, with oral iron supplements being the most commonly used treatment. Ferrous preparations such as ferrous succinate and ferrous fumarate are most often used. These medications are generally taken with meals or after meals to reduce gastrointestinal irritation. This raises the issue of whether patients with iron deficiency anemia can drink tea. When iron supplements are taken with tea, they can bind with the tannins in the tea to form an insoluble precipitate that is difficult to absorb. Thus, it is clinically advised that patients with iron deficiency anemia should avoid drinking tea, as it can reduce the absorption of iron and thus result in suboptimal treatment outcomes.

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Written by He Li Fang
Hematology
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The causes of iron deficiency anemia

The causes of iron deficiency anemia primarily refer to the disruption of the normal dynamic balance between iron absorption and excretion, leading to the consumption of stored iron as well as an increased need for iron and insufficient iron intake, especially in cases of chronic blood loss, resulting in a long-term negative iron balance. The causes of iron deficiency can be divided into two main aspects: insufficient iron intake and excessive iron loss. In the first aspect, decreased iron intake includes dietary insufficiency, meaning inadequate food intake, and reduced absorption, which includes decreased absorption due to lack of stomach acid and reduced absorption following gastric surgery. Excessive iron loss includes the following eight aspects: 1) gastrointestinal bleeding, which includes bleeding caused by tumors, gastrointestinal ulcers, gastritis, as well as bleeding due to parasites and hookworm infections. It also includes bleeding caused by hemorrhoids in men and arteriovenous malformations; 2) excessive menstrual bleeding; 3) frequent blood donations; 4) multiple pregnancies in women; 5) chronic intravascular hemolysis causing hemoglobinuria; 6) hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia; 7) primary pulmonary hemosiderosis; and 8) coagulation disorders or the use of anticoagulants leading to iron deficiency. These eight categories all result from excessive loss of iron, causing iron deficiency which leads to iron deficiency anemia.

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Hematology
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Which department should I go to for iron deficiency anemia?

The formed elements in the blood include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which play important roles in cellular metabolism, defense, and hemostasis, respectively. Among them, anemia falls under the category of red blood cell diseases. Iron-deficiency anemia refers to a condition where the body's iron stores are depleted, failing to meet the needs for normal red blood cell production. Before the production of red blood cells is restricted, the body's iron stores are already depleted, but anemia has not yet occurred, a condition we call iron deficiency, also known as the subclinical iron deficiency period clinically. Iron-deficiency anemia is a common red blood cell disease and falls under the category of hematology. Therefore, patients with iron-deficiency anemia should consult a specialist in hematology.

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Written by He Li Fang
Hematology
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The key to curing iron deficiency anemia

Iron deficiency anemia, a common and frequently occurring disease in the department of hematology, is not difficult to diagnose and treat. The key to treatment lies in addressing the cause of the iron deficiency, and it is essential to eliminate the underlying causes as much as possible. Using iron supplements alone can only restore blood counts; neglecting the primary disease will not lead to a complete cure of the anemia and can easily lead to recurrence. Treatment consists of two phases: first, the supplementation with iron supplements. After taking iron supplements for three to four days, an increase in reticulocytes will occur, reaching a peak around seven days, and hemoglobin will significantly rise after two weeks of medication, returning to normal levels after one to two months. However, after hemoglobin levels normalize, some patients may stop taking the medication. It is important to note that continuing to take iron supplements for three months is necessary to replenish the body's iron stores completely.