Intestinal obstruction etiology

Written by Zhang Peng
General Surgery
Updated on March 02, 2025
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What are the causes of intestinal obstruction? Generally, in clinical practice, the causes and inducements of intestinal obstructions are mainly divided into the following aspects: Firstly, there are extraintestinal disorders, such as some space-occupying lesions in the abdominal cavity compressing the intestinal tube, causing narrowing of the intestinal lumen and thus obstruction. Additionally, there are diseases of the intestines themselves. Some severe intestinal diseases or tumorous conditions, or ischemic diseases of the intestines themselves, can all potentially lead to intestinal obstruction. If the symptoms of intestinal obstruction are typical, hospital treatment and possibly surgery may be necessary. Furthermore, some motility factors within the abdominal cavity can also cause intestinal obstruction, such as a reduction in the motility of the intestines or paralysis and expansion of the intestines due to electrolyte disturbances, leading to symptoms of intestinal obstruction.

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Written by Li Jin Quan
General Surgery
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Symptoms of intestinal obstruction

Intestinal obstruction is caused by any factor that causes blockage of the intestinal tube. Compression and twisting cause the intestinal contents to not pass normally, leading to obstructive symptoms. Clinically, intestinal obstruction mainly presents with four major symptoms: first, intermittent abdominal pain; second, vomiting, where the higher the location of the obstruction, the earlier and more frequent the vomiting, consisting mainly of food or gastric fluid. If the location of the obstruction is lower, the vomiting is delayed and less frequent and may include fecal matter; third, abdominal distension, which generally occurs after the obstruction has been present for some time, and its severity is related to the location of the obstruction; fourth, cessation of gas and feces discharge through the anus.

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Causes of intestinal obstruction

Generally, the basic causes of intestinal obstruction can be divided into three categories. The most common is mechanical intestinal obstruction, which mainly includes blockage of the intestinal lumen, such as large fecal masses or corresponding foreign objects, and even parasites. The second type is compression of the intestinal tube, which can be caused by adhesions leading to torsion of the intestine or compression by tumors, and congenital inflammatory strictures and tumors can cause mechanical intestinal obstruction. The second major category is dynamic intestinal obstruction, which is primarily due to weakened peristaltic ability of the intestine, resulting in paralytic intestinal obstruction. This condition can be improved by adjusting intestinal function disorders or treating intestinal spasms. The third type is intestinal obstruction caused by vascular issues in the intestines, most commonly thrombosis of the mesentery or compression causing vascular disorders of the intestines.

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How to deal with intestinal obstruction?

Patients with intestinal obstruction commonly present with abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting, and cessation of passing gas or stool. Treatment for intestinal obstruction primarily includes conservative management and surgical intervention. Conservative treatment firstly involves gastrointestinal decompression, abstaining from food and drink, and, if necessary, the insertion of a gastric tube. The second step is to enhance anti-inflammatory measures to prevent infections within the abdominal cavity. The third step is proactive fluid replenishment to prevent disorders of water and electrolyte balance. Along with aggressive conservative treatment, the patient's overall condition should be monitored. If a pseudo-obstruction occurs, surgical treatment should be actively pursued.

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Written by Zhang Peng
General Surgery
1min 1sec home-news-image

Intestinal obstruction etiology

What are the causes of intestinal obstruction? Generally, in clinical practice, the causes and inducements of intestinal obstructions are mainly divided into the following aspects: Firstly, there are extraintestinal disorders, such as some space-occupying lesions in the abdominal cavity compressing the intestinal tube, causing narrowing of the intestinal lumen and thus obstruction. Additionally, there are diseases of the intestines themselves. Some severe intestinal diseases or tumorous conditions, or ischemic diseases of the intestines themselves, can all potentially lead to intestinal obstruction. If the symptoms of intestinal obstruction are typical, hospital treatment and possibly surgery may be necessary. Furthermore, some motility factors within the abdominal cavity can also cause intestinal obstruction, such as a reduction in the motility of the intestines or paralysis and expansion of the intestines due to electrolyte disturbances, leading to symptoms of intestinal obstruction.

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home-news-image
Written by Li Jin Quan
General Surgery
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Can you fart with intestinal obstruction?

When the contents of the intestines cannot normally pass through the intestinal tract and be expelled from the body, it is called intestinal obstruction. The main clinical manifestations include abdominal pain, abdominal distension, vomiting, and the cessation of bowel movements and gas passage through the anus. Clinically, some cases of partial intestinal obstruction can still pass gas, and some cases of high intestinal obstruction may also allow gas accumulation below the blockage to be expelled through the anus. However, the ability to pass gas does not mean that the patient's condition has improved; continuous treatment and observation are still necessary.