Ectopic pregnancy causes

Written by Tang Mei Xiang
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Updated on May 18, 2025
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Ectopic pregnancy is commonly referred to as such, but it is actually called extrauterine pregnancy. Extrauterine pregnancy refers to the implantation of a fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity, including cervical pregnancy, broad ligament pregnancy, ovarian pregnancy, abdominal pregnancy, and tubal pregnancy, with tubal pregnancy being the most common clinically. The causes of ectopic pregnancy include the recent increase in cesarean section rates, leading to more scar pregnancies, which are also a type of extrauterine pregnancy. Furthermore, abnormalities like uterine malformations also belong to extrauterine pregnancies. Clinically, the most common type is tubal pregnancy, mainly caused by inflammation of the fallopian tubes. Other factors include previous tubal surgeries or history of tubal pregnancy, congenital malformations, and abnormal function of the fallopian tubes. Additionally, the use of assisted reproductive technologies has also increased the chances of extrauterine pregnancies.

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Written by Zhang Lu
Obstetrics
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ectopic pregnancy symptoms

Ectopic pregnancy is not a normal state of pregnancy. Normally, the gestational sac should be located in the middle of the uterine cavity. An ectopic pregnancy refers to the implantation of the gestational sac outside the uterine cavity. Common types of ectopic pregnancy include tubal pregnancy, ovarian pregnancy, and abdominal pregnancy, with over 99% of ectopic pregnancies being tubal pregnancies. The symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy include the following aspects: 1. In the early stages of an ectopic pregnancy, there are no clinical symptoms because the early gestational sac is relatively small and does not stimulate the fallopian tube or the local area, thus causing no symptoms. 2. When the gestational sac grows to a certain size, it compresses the tube cavity, causing mild abdominal pain. This pain intensifies as the gestational sac grows and can lead to tearing pain, indicating a ruptured tubal pregnancy. 3. During an ectopic pregnancy, because the gestational sac cannot develop normally, the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body are relatively low, leading to endometrial withdrawal bleeding, which manifests as a small amount of bright red vaginal bleeding.

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Written by Tang Mei Xiang
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Can an ectopic pregnancy cause a fever?

Ectopic pregnancy generally does not cause fever symptoms unless there is an infection. The typical signs of an ectopic pregnancy include a history of missed menstruation, minor vaginal bleeding, and abdominal pain. When the ectopic pregnancy in the fallopian tube has not ruptured, the pain is characterized by swelling pain in the lower abdomen. If the fallopian tube pregnancy ruptures, there will be tearing pain, followed by tenderness in the lower abdomen, rebound pain, and abdominal muscle tension, and then fainting and shock can occur. During a gynecological examination, it is possible to feel a mass in the abdomen. Ectopic pregnancies generally require surgical treatment. After surgery, there might be a temporary fever known as "absorption fever," but this type of fever is short-lived and the body temperature does not exceed 38 degrees Celsius. This is a normal physiological reaction after surgery and is not considered a pathological fever.

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Written by Yan Qiao
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Will an IUD cause an ectopic pregnancy?

IUD insertion can cause ectopic pregnancy because it is a minor gynecological surgery and an invasive procedure. Any invasive operation can potentially trigger pelvic inflammatory disease. The occurrence of pelvic inflammatory disease can lead to inflammation of the fallopian tubes, which is one of the main causes of ectopic pregnancy. Moreover, not every patient is suitable for an IUD. These devices come in many shapes, and there should be an optimal match between the shape of the IUD and the size and form of the uterine cavity. If the IUD does not match the patient's uterine cavity size and shape, it may not effectively prevent pregnancy, thus increasing the risk of pregnancy with the IUD in place, including the occurrence of ectopic pregnancies. In conclusion, IUD insertion can lead to ectopic pregnancies.

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Written by Du Rui Xia
Obstetrics
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Does an ectopic pregnancy hurt?

Ectopic pregnancy is an abnormal pregnancy state where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterine cavity. As the pregnancy sac grows, there is a possibility of rupture and bleeding at the implantation site, which can lead to abdominal pain. In the early stages of an ectopic pregnancy, women generally do not exhibit any specific symptoms and are unaware of the condition. Symptoms are only felt when rupture occurs, causing pain in the lower abdomen. If rupture occurs, the pain often feels like tearing in the lower abdomen and is frequently accompanied by nausea and vomiting. It is recommended to promptly visit a hospital for an ultrasound and actively pursue surgical treatment.

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Written by Du Rui Xia
Obstetrics
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How many days can an ectopic pregnancy be detected?

Generally around six weeks after a missed period, an ectopic pregnancy can be detected through an ultrasound examination. For women with regular menstrual cycles, if menstruation is delayed by a week and a pregnancy test shows a positive result, it indicates pregnancy. At this time, it is necessary to visit the hospital for an ultrasound to ascertain the implantation site of the gestational sac. In the case of an ectopic pregnancy, it is normal that no gestational sac is visible within the uterine cavity during an ultrasound. The ultrasound might reveal irregular echo areas in the adnexal area, which includes the fallopian tubes or ovaries, possibly indicating thickened fallopian tubes or enlarged ovaries. At this point, one should be vigilant about the possibility of an ectopic pregnancy and seek timely treatment.