chronic granulocytic leukemia course

Written by He Li Fang
Hematology
Updated on September 27, 2024
00:00
00:00

The course of chronic granulocytic leukemia is relatively long, as it is a type of chronic leukemia. Its onset is gradual, and its natural course includes four stages: asymptomatic phase, chronic phase, accelerated phase, and blast crisis phase. Most patients seek medical attention and are diagnosed only after symptoms appear, with very few patients discovering blood abnormalities during physical examinations or blood tests conducted for other reasons. At this point, the spleen may already be mildly enlarged, or not enlarged at all. In the early stages of the disease, some patients may experience an absolute increase in basophilic granulocytes. When the white blood cell count is less than 20×10^9/L, there is a decrease in neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity in peripheral blood, and this decreases further as the disease progresses. When the white blood cell count exceeds 40×10^9/L, the spleen can be felt below the ribs. Between 30 and 90×10^9/L, a range of related clinical symptoms may appear.

Other Voices

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by He Li Fang
Hematology
1min 51sec home-news-image

Chronic granulocytic leukemia symptoms

The clinical symptoms of chronic myeloid leukemia can be divided into two phases: 1. During the chronic phase, the earliest subjective symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, and abdominal discomfort. Other symptoms may also appear such as general malaise, decreased endurance, and nausea. Some patients may exhibit signs of increased basal metabolism, such as sweating, weight loss, palpitations, and nervousness. As the disease progresses, patients may experience enlargement of the liver and spleen. An enlarged spleen can cause abdominal bloating, discomfort in the upper left abdomen, and a feeling of fullness after eating. In a few cases, bleeding may occur in the early stages. In female patients, excessive menstruation is common, and while bone pain and joint pain are less common at initial diagnosis, they can also occur. 2. During the accelerated phase, patients often exhibit unexplained low-grade fever, fatigue, lack of appetite, night sweats, and increased weight loss. These symptoms are accompanied by rapid enlargement of the spleen causing discomfort and fullness, sudden swelling of lymph nodes, clear sternal tenderness, and osteolytic changes in bones leading to bone pain. Anemia also progressively worsens. Once patients enter the blast crisis phase, they may show extramedullary infiltration symptoms such as skin nodules, testicular infiltration, abnormal penile erections, and the appearance of green tumors in the eye sockets, among other serious complications.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Li Fang Fang
Hematology
51sec home-news-image

Is chronic myeloid leukemia scary?

Chronic myeloid leukemia, though a type of leukemia, is not terrifying because there are targeted drugs available for it, namely tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These inhibitors have been developed into first, second, and third-generation products. Most cases of chronic granulocytic leukemia can achieve clinical remission after oral administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Some patients might experience a blast crisis, acceleration phase, or relapse during treatment, but they can switch to higher-grade tyrosine kinase inhibitors or undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Thus, chronic myeloid leukemia is no longer considered a frightening disease. (Please use medication under the guidance of a doctor.)

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by He Li Fang
Hematology
53sec home-news-image

Causes of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Chronic granulocytic leukemia, also known as chronic myeloid leukemia, is a myeloproliferative tumor originating from pluripotent stem cells. It is characterized by a specific chromosomal alteration, commonly referred to as the Philadelphia chromosome, which is formed by the translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22, resulting in the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion gene at the molecular level. Chronic granulocytic leukemia is a clonal disease originating from pluripotent stem cells. Due to a significant expansion of the progenitor cell pool, there is excessive proliferation of myeloid cells and increased granulocyte production. The slow clearance of granulocytes leads to the accumulation of granulocytes in the body, which is the main cause of the disease.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Li Fang Fang
Hematology
53sec home-news-image

Symptoms of Acute Leukemia

The common symptoms of acute leukemia include four main categories: infection, anemia, bleeding, and tumor infiltration. Symptoms of infection manifest as fever, cough, expectoration, chest pain, abdominal pain, diarrhea, frequent urination, urgent urination, painful urination, skin infections, and perianal infections. Anemia is characterized by dizziness, fatigue, poor appetite, and decreased endurance. Symptoms of reduced platelets mainly involve bleeding, which can manifest as bleeding of the skin and mucous membranes, organ bleeding, and even cerebral hemorrhage. Tumor infiltration can manifest as gingival hyperplasia and skin rashes among other swellings.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by He Li Fang
Hematology
1min 20sec home-news-image

Is leukemia treatment free?

Leukemia is a type of malignant tumor originating from hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells in the myeloid hematopoietic system. Leukemia cells differentiate and organize at the early stages of different myeloid developments, exhibiting the morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of myeloid development. The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia in the population is 2-4/100,000, with the median age of onset being sixty-four to seventy years, making it a disease of the elderly. The incidence increases with age, accounting for 70% of acute leukemias, and representing 55%-70% of infant, 17%-20% of childhood, and 80%-90% of adult acute leukemias. Regarding the medical insurance situation in China, some leukemia conditions are eligible for major illness assistance. All leukemia treatments can be reimbursed at a certain ratio under the national health insurance, although there is no free treatment for leukemia at present, unless one participates in relevant clinical trials, which could offer some compensation, and certain treatment drugs are provided free of charge.