chronic granulocytic leukemia platelets

Written by He Li Fang
Hematology
Updated on September 28, 2024
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Patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia have variations in blood platelets as seen in routine blood tests, which differ according to different stages of the disease. In the chronic phase, especially early on, platelet counts are mostly elevated or normal, with increases potentially exceeding 1000x10^9 per liter. The shape of the platelets is normal, but their function is often abnormal, with thrombus formation being rare. A minority of patients may experience a decrease in platelet count. As the disease progresses, routine blood tests can reveal significant decreases or increases in platelet counts along with the appearance of megakaryocytes. Additionally, some patients may also exhibit bone marrow fibrosis, characterized by an increase in reticular fibers or collagen fibers.

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What tests are done for leukemia?

Patients with leukemia need to be further classified to determine if it is acute leukemia or chronic leukemia, whether it is acute myeloid leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the case of acute leukemia, and whether it is chronic myeloid leukemia or chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the case of chronic leukemia. Therefore, in addition to routine blood tests, leukemia patients also need to undergo bone marrow cytology, immunophenotyping, testing for 43 types of leukemia fusion genes, chromosome tests, etc., to further clarify the subtype of leukemia. After the subtype is clarified, a treatment plan is selected based on the specific type.

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What is acute leukemia?

Acute leukemia is a malignant clonal disease originating from hematopoietic stem progenitor cells. Normally, hematopoietic stem progenitor cells differentiate into white blood cells, which gradually mature into normal white blood cells. However, leukemia cells are primitive cells and immature cells, which means that the hematopoietic stem cells lose the ability to differentiate and mature. Additionally, they proliferate massively in the bone marrow while suppressing normal hematopoietic functions, and can widely infiltrate various organs such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Due to the suppression of bone marrow hematopoiesis, patients may exhibit clinical manifestations such as anemia, bleeding, and infections. Patients with acute leukemia often seek medical attention because of fever, fatigue, or bleeding from the skin and mucous membranes.

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How is acute leukemia chemotherapeutically treated?

Acute leukemia is first divided into two main categories: one is acute myeloid leukemia, and the other is acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The chemotherapy regimens for these two types are different. Among them, acute myeloid leukemia is further divided into eight types from M0 to M7, among which type M3 can be treated with oral targeted chemotherapy drugs, while other types of acute myeloid leukemia require chemotherapy for treatment. The other main category is acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which also requires chemotherapy for treatment.

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The difference between chronic granulocytic leukemia and leukemia

Leukemia is divided into acute leukemia and chronic leukemia. Acute leukemia is further categorized into acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, while chronic leukemia is divided into chronic lymphocytic leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia. Chronic myeloid leukemia, also known as chronic granulocytic leukemia, generally has a better prognosis compared to acute leukemia, with a higher cure rate and longer survival. Among these, chronic granulocytic leukemia has targeted treatment drugs such as imatinib and dasatinib.

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Symptoms of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Most cases of chronic granulocytic leukemia are due to abnormal enlargement of the spleen, leading to abdominal distension and poor appetite. A small portion of chronic granulocytic leukemia cases show no obvious symptoms and are only discovered through routine physical examinations, finding an abnormal increase in white blood cells, leading to diagnosis and treatment in the hematology department. Common clinical symptoms of chronic granulocytic leukemia include an enlarged spleen. Additionally, some patients may also experience fatigue due to anemia, and a very few patients seek medical advice due to bleeding caused by a decrease in platelets.