Symptoms of Teratoma

Written by Wang Jing Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Updated on May 07, 2025
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Not all teratomas show symptoms; often ovarian cysts are only discovered during physical examinations. If an examination reveals a heterogeneous mass in the adnexal region, and a teratoma is suspected from the ultrasound, a detailed assessment must be conducted first. It is important to evaluate if the teratoma has any functional issues or if it causes general health problems, considering its size among other factors. Some teratomas can be rechecked and observed over time, while others may require surgical treatment. Additionally, some teratomas might undergo torsion or rupture, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, although the likelihood of this occurring is not very high.

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Written by Liu Jian Wei
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Do ovarian teratomas hurt?

Ovarian teratomas, if without any complications, do not cause abdominal pain. Many people only discover the presence of ovarian teratomas during routine physical examinations. However, if a series of complications occur with ovarian teratomas, they can lead to abdominal pain. For example, the torsion of an ovarian teratoma, can cause the patient to feel sudden acute pain in the lower abdomen on one side. This pain is generally severe and unbearable and may also be accompanied by symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.

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Written by Tao Zhong E
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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How is a teratoma diagnosed?

Teratomas mostly occur on the ovaries. Ovarian tumors generally do not show symptoms in their early stages or when they are small. They are usually discovered during physical examinations, and identified through ultrasound, which will indicate a cystic mass or a cystic-solid mass on the ovaries. Subsequently, serum tumor markers are tested to see if there is an increase. Some patients with teratomas may show a slight increase in alpha-fetoprotein. Further diagnostic steps include a pelvic MRI, which can very clearly display the nature of the tumor and some of the components within the tumor. The most common findings in teratomas include elements like hair and bones. Ultimately, a definitive diagnosis relies on pathological examination.

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Written by Shen Li Wen
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Can ovarian teratomas affect menstruation?

Women with ovarian teratomas, when they are relatively small, usually do not affect the menstrual cycle. However, as they grow larger, they may compress the normal ovarian cortex, leading to abnormal ovulation, abnormal hormone secretion levels, disruption of the menstrual cycle, and can also cause difficulties in getting pregnant. Additionally, ovarian teratomas belong to germ cell tumors, which are multi-layered but can also develop into a single layer. Some teratomas are highly single-layered and can secrete certain hormones that affect women's endocrine system, thereby affecting the menstrual cycle.

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Written by Wang Jing Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Do teratomas require a special diet?

The physical examination revealed a teratoma issue, which is generally related to congenital factors and has no relation to our regular diet. However, once a teratoma is found, it is essential to avoid eating cold and raw foods, as cold stimuli can also cause smooth muscle spasms, leading to discomfort in the abdomen. Regarding teratomas, the main consideration is the specific size of the tumor and the series conditions of the tumor. Some teratomas may undergo torsion, and others may become overly large or malignant, necessitating timely surgical intervention.

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Written by Liu Jian Wei
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Symptoms of ovarian teratoma

In clinical practice, some women with ovarian teratoma may not exhibit any symptoms and the presence of an ovarian teratoma might only be discovered during a physical examination. In some cases, women with ovarian teratoma may experience torsion of the tumor after vigorous activity. When torsion occurs, the patient may suddenly feel pain in one side of the lower abdomen, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. If these symptoms occur, it is necessary to seek immediate medical attention and, if necessary, undergo timely surgical treatment.