Symptoms of Teratoma

Written by Wang Jing Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Updated on May 07, 2025
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Not all teratomas show symptoms; often ovarian cysts are only discovered during physical examinations. If an examination reveals a heterogeneous mass in the adnexal region, and a teratoma is suspected from the ultrasound, a detailed assessment must be conducted first. It is important to evaluate if the teratoma has any functional issues or if it causes general health problems, considering its size among other factors. Some teratomas can be rechecked and observed over time, while others may require surgical treatment. Additionally, some teratomas might undergo torsion or rupture, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, although the likelihood of this occurring is not very high.

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Written by Hou Jie
Obstetrics and Gynecology
1min 5sec home-news-image

Teratoma Benign and Malignant Differences

Teratoma refers to a common type of germ cell tumor, which can be classified into mature teratomas and immature teratomas. Mature teratomas are benign tumors, accounting for 10%-20% of ovarian tumors. They can occur at any age but are more common between the ages of 20 and 40. Most are unilateral, of moderate size, and usually have a single compartment filled with sebum and hair; sometimes teeth and bone can also be found. Immature teratomas, on the other hand, are malignant tumors, making up 1%-3% of ovarian teratomas. These are more frequent in younger patients, with an average age of 11 to 19 years. The ovaries are predominantly solid but may include cystic areas, primarily consisting of primitive neural tissue. The malignancy level of the ovary depends on the proportion of immature tissue, the degree of differentiation, and the content of neuroepithelial tissue.

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Written by Liu Jian Wei
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Do ovarian teratomas hurt?

Ovarian teratomas do not cause abdominal pain under normal conditions. However, if a patient engages in vigorous activities, it can lead to a torsion of the ovarian teratoma. The torsion of the teratoma can drag the ovary to twist along with it, consequently affecting the blood supply to the adnexa on the affected side, leading to ischemic necrosis of the adnexa, and thus causing a sudden onset of severe lower abdominal pain on one side. In such abnormal situations, the ovarian teratoma can indeed cause lower abdominal pain.

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Written by Zhang Lu
Obstetrics
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Does ovarian teratoma affect pregnancy?

Ovarian teratomas are a common type of benign ovarian tumor, and most ovarian teratomas do not affect the ability to become pregnant. This is because ovarian teratomas generally do not cause ovulation disorders, do not affect the function of the fertilized egg, and typically do not lead to pelvic inflammation, so the majority of patients with ovarian teratomas can become pregnant normally. However, if the ovarian teratoma is relatively large, greater than five centimeters, this condition may affect the function of the ovaries, or cause the teratoma to rupture or become infected after pregnancy. For teratomas larger than five centimeters, it is generally recommended to undergo laparoscopic surgery to remove the teratoma before attempting pregnancy, to prevent the teratoma from affecting the pregnancy.

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Written by Zhang Lu
Obstetrics
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Can a teratoma be detected by ultrasound?

Teratomas are a common type of solid tumor in the ovaries, and the vast majority of ovarian teratomas are benign. The most common method to examine teratomas in women is to perform an ultrasound. Generally, an abdominal ultrasound can be done 3-7 days after the menstrual cycle has ended to observe the ultrasonic echo of both ovaries. Normally, both ovaries are uniform in size and echo. If the ultrasound suggests the presence of a substantive mass on the ovary, which has a strong echo, or indicates the presence of fat or bone echoes, then this condition is highly suspected to be a teratoma. For ovarian teratomas, if the size is relatively small and there are no clinical symptoms, temporary observation is possible. However, if it is larger than five centimeters, laparoscopic removal is generally recommended.

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Written by Wang Jing Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Is a teratoma the same as a cyst?

Teratoma is a type of ovarian cyst, and whether surgery is necessary depends on the specific conditions found during examination. Teratomas are related to congenital factors. It has been found that medication is ineffective in treating teratomas. If the teratoma is relatively small, regular check-ups can be sufficient. However, if it is growing rapidly, there is a possibility of malignant transformation, or if it is large enough to cause abdominal pain due to torsion, then surgery must be prepared for immediately. Ultimately, the nature of the teratoma is determined through pathological examination.