Premature rupture of membranes

Written by Liu Wen Li
Obstetrics
Updated on February 10, 2025
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Premature rupture of membranes means that the membranes have ruptured before the onset of labor, before the onset of regular abdominal pain, and the amniotic fluid has already flowed out. This condition is called premature rupture of membranes. Premature rupture of membranes can be harmful. Firstly, after the rupture of the membranes, the barrier of the membranes is gone, which can easily lead to infection. Additionally, after the rupture of the membranes, since the umbilical cord is still very slippery, it can easily fall out with the flow of the amniotic fluid. Once the umbilical cord prolapses, and if the fetal head compresses the umbilical cord, the fetus will not have blood supply, the fetal heart rate will slow down, or even cease, leading to fetal death in utero, etc. Therefore, after the occurrence of premature rupture of membranes, also commonly known as water breaking early, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.

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Written by Zhang Lu
Obstetrics
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Can premature rupture of membranes be detected?

Premature rupture of membranes, also known as water breaking or membrane rupture, refers to the rupture of the membranes before the onset of labor, causing amniotic fluid to intermittently flow out from the uterine cavity. This can pose certain risks, including umbilical cord prolapse, placental abruption, intrauterine infection, and fetal hypoxia. The diagnostic methods for premature rupture of membranes include the following: First, through clinical symptoms, if a large amount of fluid is found flowing out from the vagina, it can generally be determined as premature rupture of membranes. Second, if the amount of vaginal discharge is relatively small, in this case, pH test strips can be used for detection. When the pH test strips change color, it can be determined as water breaking. Third, ultrasound can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic method, as a decrease in the amount of amniotic fluid due to premature rupture of membranes can be detected through ultrasound.

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Written by Zhang Lu
Obstetrics
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The harms of premature rupture of membranes infection

After premature rupture of membranes, because the amniotic cavity is open, some pathogens can cause intrauterine infections through ascending infections. If an infection occurs after premature rupture of the membranes, the harm caused mainly affects the mother and fetus, divided into the following two aspects: First, the impact on the fetus is that it is easy for the fetus itself to become infected, which can lead to congenital neonatal infections after birth, and in severe cases, it may cause fetal death. Second, it can cause maternal infection. If the infection is only limited to the amniotic cavity, sometimes the impact on the mother is not significant. However, if the infection spreads locally, such as into the pelvic cavity, or spreads through the bloodstream, it can cause a systemic inflammatory response, sometimes causing high fever, and in severe cases, it can lead to septic shock.

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Written by Wang Jing Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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How to prevent premature rupture of membranes?

The prevention of premature rupture of membranes primarily involves preventing infection. This is because the main cause of premature rupture of membranes is likely due to infection, though it can also be due to pelvic issues and irregular uterine contractions that stimulate the rupture. Therefore, those with a history of premature rupture of membranes should undergo relevant examinations early in pregnancy and receive prenatal care routinely, including tests for vaginal secretions. Even if one feels no discomfort, it is advisable to conduct an examination for vaginal pathogens and, if necessary, begin medication early. (Medication should be used under the guidance of a professional doctor.)

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Written by Du Rui Xia
Obstetrics
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How long can premature rupture of membranes last?

When premature rupture of membranes occurs, it can last up to 24 hours. If labor has not commenced 24 hours after rupture, pregnancy termination becomes necessary, and one can either induce labor to facilitate a vaginal delivery or opt for a cesarean section. For ruptures occurring between the 28th and 35th weeks of pregnancy, as the baby's lungs are not yet fully developed, it is crucial to administer medication promptly to help mature the fetal lungs and extend the gestational period as much as possible. Once the fetal lung development is adequate, pregnancy should be terminated in a timely manner. For cases of premature rupture of membranes occurring after 36 weeks of pregnancy, where fetal development is generally mature, pregnancy can be terminated more promptly.

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Written by Du Rui Xia
Obstetrics
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Can you still have a natural birth if the membranes rupture prematurely?

Whether a natural delivery is possible after premature rupture of membranes depends on the condition of the pregnant woman and the fetus. If the woman's pelvis is normal and there are no signs of intrauterine hypoxia in the baby, then a natural delivery can be conducted. If, during natural delivery, the baby shows signs of hypoxia or the woman's pelvic conditions are not favorable, a cesarean section should be performed promptly after the premature rupture of membranes. If delivery cannot be achieved naturally within 24 hours after the premature rupture of membranes, it is crucial to prevent infection.