Causes of myasthenia gravis

Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
Updated on February 24, 2025
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Myasthenia gravis is a type of neurological autoimmune disease. The cause and mechanism of this disease are primarily due to disorders in the immune function of the body. Antibodies are produced in the body which attack the acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, leading to the failure of nerve impulses being transmitted to the muscles. This results in the clinical symptoms observed. Many patients may have thymic abnormalities, such as thymomas. Treatment of this disease involves the use of cholinesterase inhibitors and suppression of these abnormal immune responses, typically requiring the use of corticosteroids.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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Myasthenia gravis belongs to which department?

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease of the nervous system, primarily affecting the neuromuscular junction where synaptic function is significantly impaired. This disease falls under the purview of neurology, and most neurologists are quite familiar with myasthenia gravis, considering it a common and frequently occurring neurological condition. Patients with myasthenia gravis typically exhibit symptoms such as drooping eyelids, double vision, and general fatigue. They experience a pathological tiredness, feeling extremely exhausted after minor activities, although rest can alleviate symptoms. These symptoms are also commonly associated with the nervous system, so it is appropriate to consult the neurology department. Treatment for patients with myasthenia gravis may involve administering immunoglobulins or corticosteroids, depending on the situation, while also taking precautions to prevent potential complications.

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incidence of myasthenia gravis

Myasthenia gravis is a disease of the neurology department. Its incidence rate is around one in one hundred thousand. The prevalence rate is around fifty per one hundred thousand. In China, the incidence rate in the south is slightly higher than in the north. This is an autoimmune disease of the nervous system. Generally, it is due to the production of some abnormal antibodies. These antibodies cause dysfunction in synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction, leading to corresponding clinical manifestations in patients. For example, extreme fatigue after physical activity that can only be alleviated by rest. Patients may also exhibit clinical symptoms such as ptosis, diplopia, and difficulty swallowing, and in severe cases, even respiratory muscle weakness may occur, requiring the use of a ventilator. This disease can occur at any age, affecting children as well as elderly men aged 70 to 80. Therefore, correct understanding of this disease and timely treatment are very important.

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How is myasthenia gravis diagnosed?

Myasthenia gravis is essentially an immunoreactive disease in neurology, primarily caused by immune dysfunction in the body, leading to the production of autoantibodies. These antibodies attack the acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, resulting in corresponding clinical symptoms such as ptosis, diplopia, and general fatigue. The examination of myasthenia gravis mainly includes the following aspects: first, the completion of the Tensilon test, and if the test is positive, myasthenia gravis should be considered; second, the examination should include repetitive nerve stimulation electromyography, and if there is a significant decrement in wave amplitude, this disease should be considered; third, relevant blood tests should be conducted, mainly to check for acetylcholine receptor antibodies, as positive results for these antibodies are important in supporting this diagnosis.

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Can myasthenia gravis be cured completely?

Myasthenia gravis is a relatively common disease in neurology. Whether it can be completely cured mainly depends on the severity of the disease and some of its subtypes. For instance, patients with ocular myasthenia gravis only exhibit symptoms such as ptosis; by using some corticosteroids or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, some patients can be cured. However, there are also patients who experience generalized muscle weakness, which is particularly severe and may even affect the respiratory muscles. These patients need long-term or even lifelong medication to prevent the recurrence of severe myasthenia gravis. Additionally, some patients with myasthenia gravis also have thymomas, and many patients can be cured after the removal of the thymoma. Therefore, most cases of myasthenia gravis cannot be completely cured and require long-term medication, though a small portion might be curable.

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Does myasthenia gravis cause sensitivity to cold?

Patients with myasthenia gravis tend to be sensitive to cold, mainly due to the following factors: Firstly, patients with myasthenia gravis generally experience overall weakness and have very limited physical activity, making their physique rather frail. Patients with a weak physique are definitely more susceptible to colder environments. Secondly, patients with myasthenia gravis have lower resistance to diseases and often take immunosuppressants for a long time, making them highly susceptible to respiratory and lung infections. In cold conditions, some viruses can exploit this weakness, leading to exacerbated lung and respiratory infections, which is another major reason why patients with myasthenia gravis are sensitive to cold. Thirdly, myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that leads to immune dysfunction. This immune dysfunction makes patients particularly sensitive to cold stimuli. In a cold environment, their immune function may become even more disordered, contributing further to their sensitivity to cold.