What is myasthenia gravis?

Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
Updated on September 16, 2024
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Myasthenia gravis is a group of neuromuscular junction disorders and is also an autoimmune disease of the nervous system. It primarily involves the production of certain antibodies in the body that attack the acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. This results in the inability of nerve impulses to be effectively transmitted to the muscles, causing the muscles to lose neural control, leading to weakness of the limbs. This weakness is typically more pronounced in the evening than in the morning, with symptoms being lighter upon waking and worsening in the afternoon. As the disease is caused by an autoimmune response, a major focus of treatment is to suppress this abnormal immune reaction, primarily through the administration of corticosteroids. Additionally, many patients with myasthenia gravis also exhibit thymus abnormalities, necessitating thorough CT examinations of the thymus.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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The difference between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and myasthenia gravis

These two are distinctly different diseases. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) refers to a motor neuron disease, which is a degenerative neurological condition primarily affecting the upper and lower motor neurons. Patients may exhibit symptoms such as muscle atrophy, muscle twitching, general weakness, as well as potential difficulties in swallowing, articulation disorders, and atrophy of the tongue muscles. The mechanism of this disease is not very clear, symptoms progressively worsen, and there are no effective treatment methods. Neurogenic changes can be observed in electromyography. Myasthenia gravis, on the other hand, is a typical neuromuscular junction disease caused by immune dysfunction. It presents with skeletal muscle fatigue and weakness, typically worsening in the evening. Treatment with immunosuppressants has been shown to be effective.

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Written by Liu Hong Mei
Neurology
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Can people with myasthenia gravis eat mangoes?

Patients with myasthenia gravis can eat mangoes and should consume more fresh vegetables and fruits. Mangoes are rich in flesh and fiber, and they taste sweet. They can help reduce cholesterol, quench thirst, promote blood circulation, improve circulation, and provide vitamins. Therefore, if patients with myasthenia gravis are not allergic to mangoes, they can include them in their diet. Mangoes contain a high amount of vitamins and are very nutritious. They also help facilitate bowel movements. Patients with myasthenia gravis should maintain a light diet, consuming foods that are high in protein, nutrition, and vitamins, and avoid spicy, stimulating, and exciting foods.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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What should I do if myasthenia gravis is accompanied by a fever?

Patients with myasthenia gravis are most afraid of developing a fever, as a fever may indicate an infection, especially a bacterial infection. If a bacterial infection occurs, it can easily trigger a myasthenic crisis. The patient may experience weakness in breathing and even respiratory failure, which can be life-threatening. Therefore, it is essential to address the situation promptly. The recommended approach when a fever occurs is as follows: First, quickly determine the cause of the fever, complete routine blood tests, calcitonin, and other relevant assays to confirm if it is caused by a bacterial infection. Second, symptomatically manage the fever, possibly using antipyretic medications. Third, if it is a bacterial infection, it is crucial to promptly administer a significant amount of effective antibiotics to treat it. Controlling the bacterial infection can prevent the progression of myasthenia gravis to a more severe state. (Note: Medication should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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Myasthenia gravis often co-occurs with which diseases?

Myasthenia gravis is a type of autoimmune disease of the nervous system, mainly caused by the production of abnormal antibodies in the body. These antibodies affect the acetylcholine receptors in the postsynaptic membrane, thereby impacting the transmission of nerve impulses at the neuromuscular junction. Being an autoimmune disease, myasthenia gravis usually coincides with the following conditions: The first major category is thymus diseases, with most patients experiencing thymic hyperplasia, and particularly, there may be cases of thymoma. If there is a thymoma, it is advised to undergo surgical treatment promptly. The second major category may involve hyperthyroidism, so it is essential to test thyroid function. Thirdly, some patients may also test positive for antinuclear antibodies, which requires careful differential diagnosis.

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Written by Shi De Quan
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Can myasthenia gravis affecting respiration be cured?

Myasthenia gravis affecting respiration can be cured because myasthenia gravis can improve after treatments such as oral medication or plasmapheresis. Another possibility is myasthenia gravis concurrent with a myasthenic crisis, which has various forms, causing respiratory difficulties. At this point, symptomatic treatment is required, including the use of ventilators, intubation, and in severe cases, a tracheotomy. After the critical period on the ventilator passes, respiratory function can improve or the myasthenia can ameliorate.