Painful urination without discharge, is it gonorrhea?

Written by Chen Feng
Urology
Updated on June 07, 2025
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Pain during urination without discharge is generally not gonorrhea; clinically, it is more commonly a urinary tract infection, such as cystitis. Patients with cystitis, due to the inflammation irritating the bladder mucosa, generally exhibit signs of bladder irritation, characterized by frequent urination, urgency, and painful urination. The pain during urination is usually felt as a stabbing or burning sensation in the urethra, but those with cystitis generally do not have any discharge. Clinically, to confirm whether it is gonorrhea, one must first consider the patient's medical history, since gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease. Typically, there is a history of unprotected sexual activity before the onset of symptoms, which primarily include redness and swelling of the urethral mucosa, discomfort and itching in the urethra, and painful urination. There would also be a significant amount of white discharge from the urethral opening, consisting of pus. Therefore, the absence of discharge generally rules out gonorrhea. A urine culture can also be done to determine the type of bacterial infection.

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Written by Luo Hong
Dermatology Department
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Gonorrhea testing methods

The methods for detecting gonorrhea generally fall into two main categories. One involves testing for the pathogen of gonorrhea. A simple method is the microscopic examination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which can be seen under a microscope as Gram-negative diplococci. Another method is the cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, although culturing with medication can occasionally result in false negatives. A more advanced and accurate method is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), which involves using a urethral swab to detect the DNA of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Currently, this is considered the most sensitive and accurate method available.

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Written by Zhai Yu Juan
Dermatology Department
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Gonorrhea infection route

Gonorrhea is primarily a sexually transmitted disease caused by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium. The main transmission routes include sexual contact, close living contact such as sharing bathtubs and toilet seats, and mother-to-child transmission. After infection, the symptoms of gonorrhea differ between males and females. Males typically exhibit signs of acute urethritis, characterized by urethral pain and discharge; females, on the other hand, generally show no symptoms, or only mild signs of cervical inflammation.

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Written by Qu Jing
Dermatology
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Can gonorrhea be transmitted through a washing machine?

The probability of transmitting gonorrhea through a washing machine is very low, but it is still recommended to wash separately for safety. Gonorrhea is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, with patients of the disease being the source of infection. In a few cases, it can also be transmitted through contact with secretions containing gonococci, or through contaminated items such as clothing, bedding, towels, bathtubs, and toilets. Gonococci do not grow well outside the human body and have poor resistance to physical and chemical factors. They can survive for 15 minutes at 42°C, only 5 minutes at 52°C, and die within 1 minute at 60°C. In completely dry environments, they die within 1-2 hours, but in not completely dry environments, and in solutions, they can maintain infectivity for more than ten hours, or even several days. However, gonococci are very sensitive to common disinfectants. If sharing a washing machine, you can add hot water or a disinfectant for washing.

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Written by Zhai Yu Juan
Dermatology Department
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There are several ways to transmit gonorrhea.

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the infection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, primarily characterized by acute purulent infections of the urogenital tract. The main transmission route of gonorrhea is through sexual contact, followed by mother-to-child transmission, blood transmission, and close living contact transmission, which can also spread gonorrhea. Since Neisseria gonorrhoeae has very poor viability outside the human body, common disinfectants can deactivate it, and the main transmission mode of gonorrhea is still primarily through the classic route of sexual contact.

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Written by Liu Gang
Dermatology
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What will happen if gonorrhea is not treated?

In general, gonorrhea will not heal on its own if left untreated, and symptoms may gradually worsen. In men, it can cause gonococcal infection of the scrotum, while in women, it may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease or adnexitis and other gynecological diseases. Once diagnosed, it is advisable to seek treatment in the dermatology or urology department of a standard hospital. With proper treatment, the disease can be completely cured. Avoid delays in seeking treatment. During treatment, avoid sexual contact, alcohol consumption, drink plenty of water, exercise regularly, and avoid bathing or swimming in public pools. Undergarments should be sun-dried and sterilized, and avoid sharing bath towels or washbasins for washing clothes with family members.