After a perianal abscess ruptures on its own, a fistula-in-ano has formed, which cannot be completely cured by conservative medication. The main treatment method is still surgery, so further surgical treatment is required after the rupture of the perianal abscess. The surgical approach for a perianal abscess or fistula mainly involves an incision and seton technique, preserving the function of the local sphincter as much as possible while thoroughly removing the infection foci to allow the growth of fresh granulation tissue. Post-operation care requires attention to dressing changes, especially during the early stages of the wound when there may be secretions. It is crucial to thoroughly remove these secretions and apply appropriate hemorrhoids ointment or growth-promoting agents to facilitate the healing and growth of the local mucosa.