What are the symptoms of functional uterine bleeding?

Written by Shen Li Wen
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Updated on September 10, 2024
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When women experience dysfunctional uterine bleeding, the clinical symptoms are varied. For example, some women still have a relatively regular menstrual cycle, occurring monthly, but exhibit bleeding between periods, such as the most common ovulatory bleeding. Other women experience vaginal bleeding before or after their period, such as when there is an abnormality in the function of the corpus luteum, leading to brown vaginal discharge clearly related to the menstrual cycle. Some women have irregular menstrual cycles, with no predictability of when menstruation will occur, characterized by intermittent spotting or irregular vaginal bleeding. If such conditions persist, they can lead to anemia from blood loss in women, manifesting as dizziness, fatigue, sleepiness, and loss of appetite.

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Written by Li Shun Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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What causes functional uterine bleeding?

Functional uterine bleeding is commonly seen in adolescence and menopause, primarily caused by the absence of normal ovulation. Without ovulation, there is no production of progesterone, leading to irregular vaginal bleeding or heavy bleeding under the influence of estrogen. The main treatment method is menstrual regulation. For adolescent girls, menstrual regulation and ovulation induction treatment are needed, as this is caused by abnormal development of the gonadal axis. Progesterone can be used for menstrual regulation. In menopausal women, menopausal functional uterine bleeding mostly results from abnormal ovulation, essentially due to a lack of progesterone, so treatment with progesterone can be applied. (Please use medication under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Shen Li Wen
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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What causes functional uterine bleeding?

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding refers to the situation where a woman's uterus, ovaries, and brain do not have any actual organic lesions, such as the absence of uterine fibroids or ovarian cysts, yet there are functional changes that lead to bleeding. For example, the most common causes include excessive mental stress during schooling, emotional changes due to the death of a family member, or changes in living environment due to business trips, all of which can trigger uterine bleeding. In some cases, uterine bleeding may be a manifestation of a systemic disease; for instance, some women may experience it due to severe anemia or as a result of prolonged dieting and poor dietary habits leading to malnutrition and weight loss, especially if there is a sudden drop in weight. Additionally, some women may have metabolic diseases that can also cause uterine bleeding. Metabolic diseases include conditions such as elevated blood sugar, abnormal lipid levels, or anomalies in thyroid and adrenal gland functions.

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Written by Shen Li Wen
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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How to treat functional uterine bleeding that has lasted for more than ten years?

If a woman has been suffering from dysfunctional uterine bleeding for more than ten years, a detailed examination should first be conducted to understand the causes of the bleeding. Blood tests can be done for hormonal profiles, thyroid, and adrenal functions, as well as blood glucose levels to identify any issues, such as potential ovarian dysfunction, which can be treated with short-acting oral contraceptives. Long-term irregular vaginal bleeding can lead to anemia, requiring a blood test to assess the severity of the anemia. If the anemia is not severe, oral iron supplements can be taken to correct it. Some women might experience infections due to prolonged bleeding, in which case broad-spectrum antibiotics can be prescribed to treat the infection. (Specific medications should be taken under the guidance of a physician.)

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Written by Liu Jian Wei
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Is functional uterine bleeding serious?

Functional uterine bleeding is a disease caused by hormonal imbalances in women. Most cases of functional uterine bleeding are not serious, but being not serious does not mean it can be ignored. Generally, when a woman experiences functional uterine bleeding, it is recommended to immediately seek medical attention at the gynecology outpatient clinic of a local hospital, undergo a gynecological color ultrasound, sex hormone panel, and other relevant examinations. Identify the causes and types of functional uterine bleeding, and adopt different treatment plans based on different results. Meanwhile, it is important to note that if the bleeding is heavy, it may be necessary to perform a blood cell examination to determine whether anemia has occurred.

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Written by Wang Jing Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Functional uterine bleeding how many days

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding can last for various durations; it varies from person to person. Some experience a shortened menstrual cycle, decreased period duration, prolonged menstrual duration, or excessive menstrual flow. Others may only have an extended cycle, and still others experience irregular, heavy, or prolonged bleeding. The duration of bleeding is not fixed and varies between individuals. When dysfunctional uterine bleeding occurs, endocrine tests are necessary, and corresponding treatment is required to address the issue. It is essential to seek treatment as early as possible.