causes of anal fistula

Written by Yang Dong

Colorectal Surgery Department

Updated on September 27, 2024

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Anal fistula is one of the common diseases in proctology. The formation of an anal fistula is caused by infection of the anal sinuses and anal glands. Due to damage to the anal sinuses and anal glands, bacteria from the intestines enter these areas. As immunity weakens, the bacteria cause localized inflammation, which then leads to the formation of an abscess. After the abscess bursts, an anal fistula forms. This is the pathogenesis of anal fistula.

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Written by Yang Dong

Colorectal Surgery Department

29sec

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What color is the pus from an anal fistula?

An anal fistula is a sinus tract and fistula formed from an infection of the anal sinuses and glands. During the infection phase, there is a possibility of swelling, pain, and pus discharge. This discharge may be yellow pus or pus mixed with blood. Regardless of the color, it is crucial to seek prompt medical treatment at a hospital and undergo thorough treatment, rather than attempting conservative treatment on one's own.

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Written by Yu Xu Chao

Colorectal Surgery

59sec

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Is the recovery from a second anal fistula surgery quick?

Whether the recovery from a second surgery for anal fistula is quick primarily depends on whether the surgical wound is infected and bleeding, and it is also directly related to the patient's own immunity and the size of the wound. Generally, if the wound from the second surgery is relatively small and the patient does not have diabetes, tuberculosis, or inflammatory bowel disease, then the postoperative recovery tends to be quicker. Moreover, the patient should eat foods rich in high-quality protein and persist in changing dressings to avoid infection and bleeding of the wound, which also facilitates recovery after anal fistula surgery. However, if the wound from the anal fistula surgery is larger and the second procedure involves the seton technique, and since the patient's second surgery is for a high complex anal fistula, the recovery time is relatively slower. Additionally, if the patient has diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease, this will directly affect the postoperative recovery.

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Written by Yang Dong

Colorectal Surgery Department

27sec

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How long does it take for the rubber band of an anal fistula to fall off?

For high anal fistulas, we opt for the seton therapy, where we typically use rubber bands as the thread. For the rubber bands used in seton therapy, we believe it is best if they fall off around ten days. Therefore, for the anal fistula rubber bands, we think it is ideal if they fall off in about two weeks at the latest. If they have not fallen off after about two weeks, we may consider further interventions such as cutting the thread or directly cutting the sphincter muscle.

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Written by Yu Xu Chao

Colorectal Surgery

1min 11sec

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How to reduce swelling when an anal fistula flares up?

An anal fistula flare-up can cause perianal swelling, pain, and discharge of pus and blood. For an anal fistula flare-up, initial conservative treatment with medications is an option, such as sitting baths using anal cleansing agents or potassium permanganate solutions after defecation. The sitting bath should last between five to ten minutes to help reduce swelling and relieve pain. After the bath, topical application of mupirocin ointment or other anti-inflammatory ointments like Golden Ointment may also be used to reduce swelling and inflammation. For severe infections, intravenous or oral antibiotics may be prescribed to reduce inflammation. However, clinically, it is recommended to opt for surgical removal of the anal fistula as early as possible. Early removal of the internal opening and the fistula tract is necessary for a complete cure of the anal fistula. If an anal fistula repeatedly flares up, it can easily lead to the formation of more fistula branches, forming complex anal fistulas, increasing the difficulty of later surgeries and enlarging the wound surface post-operation.

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Written by Yu Xu Chao

Colorectal Surgery

1min 7sec

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Is a second surgery for an anal fistula more difficult than the first one?

Relative to the initial procedure, a second surgery for anal fistula is more difficult. The main goal of anal fistula surgery is to remove the internal opening and the fistula tract completely to cure the condition. During a second surgery for an anal fistula, due to the previous operation, the internal opening may be unclear, and it can be difficult to distinguish between the fistula and scar tissue. This can lead to incomplete removal by less experienced surgeons, increasing the likelihood of the fistula recurring later. Therefore, for a second surgery on an anal fistula, it is essential to undergo the procedure in a specialized colorectal department at a provincial-level top-rated hospital. It is recommended to have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the anal region before surgery to ensure precise operation and complete removal of the internal opening and fistula tract. Proper postoperative dressing changes are also crucial to avoid infection and inflammation of the wound, which will help with normal recovery after the surgery.