Can alpha-fetoprotein confirm liver cancer?

Written by Du Rui Xia

Obstetrics

Updated on November 03, 2024

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Alpha-fetoprotein is a type of oncofetal antigen and a glycoprotein. It is used clinically as a highly specific marker for diagnosing primary liver cancer. However, elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels do not definitively indicate liver cancer, as although it is a tumor marker with diagnostic significance, elevated levels can also be seen in patients with liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis. Additionally, increased alpha-fetoprotein can occur in pregnant women or in the presence of other types of cancer, so further investigation is necessary to confirm the cause.

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How to rule out liver cancer when experiencing right shoulder pain?

Some liver cancer patients may experience abdominal pain that radiates to the shoulder and back, resulting in right shoulder pain. Therefore, when a patient presents with right shoulder pain, to rule out the possibility of liver cancer, some laboratory tests or radiological examinations can be conducted, and if necessary, histopathological examinations can also be performed. If hematological examination does not show an abnormal increase in AFP levels, and radiological examinations do not reveal any abnormal liver conditions such as large masses, nodular tumors, or diffuse liver lesions, and there is no history of hepatitis or cirrhosis, it is generally possible to rule out right shoulder pain caused by liver cancer. To determine the exact cause of the pain, examinations such as X-rays of the right shoulder, CT scans, and if necessary, MRI or bone scans can be conducted to exclude right shoulder pain caused by liver cancer lesions.

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Can hepatitis B turn into liver cancer?

Hepatitis B can gradually develop into cirrhosis or liver cancer. Therefore, if a hepatitis B virus infection is detected, it needs attention. If the hepatitis B surface antigen is positive in the HBV "two-and-a-half" test, it indicates a hepatitis B virus infection. Once infected with the hepatitis B virus, it is necessary to regularly check liver function and hepatitis B virus DNA, as well as have abdominal ultrasounds. If an increase in transaminases is found, it indicates the transformation into chronic hepatitis B, necessitating liver-protecting and enzyme-lowering treatments. If the hepatitis B virus DNA exceeds a certain value, antiviral treatment is also needed. After being infected with the hepatitis B virus, it is crucial to rest and avoid excessive fatigue and staying up late.

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Written by Yan Chun

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Why can't people with liver cancer drink milk?

Liver cancer patients are generally advised not to drink milk, particularly in cases of advanced liver cancer where there is a potential for hepatic encephalopathy. This is because, for patients in the late stages of liver cancer, liver function is compromised, and some may already exhibit symptoms indicative of pre-hepatic encephalopathy. Consuming a diet rich in protein can easily trigger hepatic encephalopathy, and since milk is high in protein, its consumption is usually limited or avoided in such patients. However, for the majority of liver cancer patients, drinking milk is permissible as it not only contains abundant protein but also rich calcium, which is beneficial for the recovery of liver cancer patients. Most liver cancer patients have hypoalbuminemia (low levels of protein in the blood) and some also have hypocalcemia (low levels of calcium in the blood), thus the intake of calcium and protein-rich foods can be very beneficial for their recovery.

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Written by Yan Chun

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What are the symptoms on the face in the early stages of liver cancer?

In early-stage liver cancer patients, symptoms generally do not appear on their faces. This is because the tumors in early liver cancer are small, the lesions are localized, with shallow infiltration, no invasion of surrounding tissues or metastasis to distant organs, and thus, less damage to liver cells. Therefore, most cases do not show obvious symptoms clinically. Only when the lesions progress further do symptoms of disease dissemination appear in patients. These symptoms include persistent pain in the liver area, a significant decrease in appetite, fatigue, fever, and weight loss. Some patients may also experience symptoms of metastatic lesions, such as pain in bone metastases, headache, vomiting, hemiplegia, and aphasia in brain metastases, and cough, breathing difficulties, and chest pain in lung metastases.

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Is bleeding when brushing teeth an early sign of liver cancer?

When a patient has liver cancer, one symptom can be gingival bleeding. Because when a patient has liver cancer, some coagulation factors in the blood are affected, and the patient may frequently experience repeated dental bleeding. Therefore, it is suggested that patients should undergo early diagnostic tests and adopt specific treatment plans. However, repeated gingival bleeding in a patient does not necessarily indicate early-stage liver cancer, as some hematological diseases can also lead to repeated gingival bleeding, such as common thrombocytopenia and some patients with gingivitis. If long-term oral hygiene is neglected, the gingival tissue stays in a state of chronic inflammation, and acute inflammation can lead to bleeding while brushing teeth.