How to treat Helicobacter pylori infection?

Written by Si Li Li
Gastroenterology
Updated on January 21, 2025
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Helicobacter pylori has been confirmed as a major cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and even gastric cancer. The infection rate of Helicobacter pylori in China is very high, exceeding 50%. It is related to the dietary structure in China, often linked significantly to the practice of sharing dishes during meals, which correlates with China's dietary habits. If someone tests positive for Helicobacter pylori and has symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders, such as indigestion, stomach pain, or bloating, then it is necessary to undergo treatment for Helicobacter pylori. The current standard treatment for Helicobacter pylori involves quadruple therapy: a proton pump inhibitor, two types of antibiotics, and a bismuth agent. This combination of medications is administered over a period of 14 days, representing the standardized treatment for Helicobacter pylori.

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Written by Wu Hai Wu
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What should I do if Helicobacter pylori infection is not cured after two treatments?

If Helicobacter pylori infection has not been cured after two treatments, it is necessary to consider the possibility of bacterial resistance or that the treatment was not standardized. It is advisable to visit the gastroenterology department of a hospital. Based on the doctor's experience, it may be necessary to adjust the medication plan. The choice of specific medications and their dosage should be determined according to the doctor's prescription. During the treatment period, one should eat easily digestible food and avoid spicy and irritating foods, as well as avoid drinking alcohol, strong tea, coffee, etc. It is also important to eat slowly and avoid overeating or drinking excessively.

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Written by Peng Miao Yun
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Symptoms of Helicobacter pylori infection

Helicobacter pylori, once settled in the stomach and duodenum, can cause chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, leading to reduced stomach digestive function. Over time, this may lead to chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, and even cause gastric cancer. So, what are the symptoms of Helicobacter pylori infection? In cases of mild infection, where the bacteria count is low, there might be no obvious symptoms, with only bad breath occurring. If a high bacteria count causes an inflammatory reaction in the gastric mucosa, symptoms can include stomach bloating, stomach pain, acid reflux, a feeling of fullness in the stomach, along with nausea and bad breath.

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Written by Yang Chun Guang
Gastroenterology
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Can a barium meal detect Helicobacter pylori?

The most commonly used test for detecting Helicobacter pylori at present is the breath test, which generally comes in two types: carbon-13 and carbon-14, though the testing method is basically fixed. A barium meal test can only detect whether there are large gastric ulcers or the presence of gastric cancer, but Helicobacter pylori is quite small and cannot be detected through a barium meal. Therefore, the detection of Helicobacter pylori typically relies on traditional methods, such as breath tests or tests performed during gastroscopy.

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Written by Si Li Li
Gastroenterology
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How to treat Helicobacter pylori positive?

The infection rate of Helicobacter pylori in our country has already exceeded 50%, and Helicobacter pylori has been confirmed as the main cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and even gastric cancer. If Helicobacter pylori tests positive and is accompanied by symptoms or diseases of the digestive system, eradication treatment for Helicobacter pylori is necessary. The medication involves a proton pump inhibitor, two types of antibiotics, and a bismuth agent, with a treatment period of 14 days. After the 14-day treatment, the medication should be discontinued for a month before rechecking with a carbon-14 breath test to confirm whether Helicobacter pylori has turned negative. If it has turned negative, it indicates that the eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori is successful. After infection with Helicobacter pylori, a diet easy to digest is recommended.

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Written by Peng Miao Yun
Internal Medicine
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What should I do if I have a Helicobacter pylori infection?

Helicobacter pylori is closely related to the occurrence of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer, but not everyone infected with Helicobacter pylori will develop chronic gastritis or gastric ulcers. Infections can be diagnosed with a breath test, where values more than twice the normal level, accompanied by symptoms of gastritis, gastric ulcers, stomach distension, stomach pain, and acid reflux, should be considered for antibacterial and stomach-protective treatment. Generally, with standard treatment, 90% of Helicobacter pylori can be eradicated within one to two weeks. However, reinfection is common as it can be found in food and utensils and transmitted through saliva. It is generally advised that children under 14 and individuals with low levels of Helicobacter pylori without obvious stomach inflammation symptoms do not require immediate treatment.