What is dementia called?

Written by Tang Bo
Neurology
Updated on September 06, 2024
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The commonly mentioned senile dementia, also known as Alzheimer's disease, is the most common type of dementia. Its incidence generally increases in people over the age of 65 and continues to increase with age. It is a degenerative disease, with risk factors including age and gender, usually higher in women than in men. It is also related to educational level, whether there has been trauma, genetics, thyroid function, exposure to toxic substances, as well as vascular factors. Diabetes and depression are also risk factors for senile dementia.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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What to do about senile dementia?

When dementia occurs in the elderly, there is a noticeable decline in cognitive function. Initially, it is important to identify the cause of the dementia; some cerebrovascular diseases can also cause dementia. For example, cerebral infarction in certain specific areas of the brain can lead to dementia if it affects the intelligence center. For dementia caused by these reasons, it is recommended to treat with antithrombotic medications, including antiplatelet aggregation drugs and brain cell protective medications. Additionally, if the dementia is caused by Alzheimer's disease, close care is needed to prevent incidents like the patient getting lost. It is advisable to write contact numbers in the pockets of their clothes and administer acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to increase the levels of acetylcholine in the brain, which can improve cognitive function to a certain extent. (Note: This answer is for reference only. Medication should be prescribed and managed under the guidance of a professional physician, and self-medication should be avoided.)

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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How is Alzheimer's treated?

The treatment of Alzheimer's disease mainly includes the following aspects. First, enhance care to prevent accidents. Patients with Alzheimer's may get lost, forget to turn off fires or gas, etc., so it is essential to strengthen care to prevent accidents. Second, encourage the elderly to read more books and newspapers and enhance learning, which can effectively slow down the progression. Third, have the elderly interact more with others and exercise more. This can strengthen their physical health and, to some extent, delay the development of Alzheimer's disease. Another aspect is drug treatment, which mainly includes acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and some NMDA receptor antagonists. These can improve the symptoms to some extent and enhance the quality of life. Additionally, in the later stages of Alzheimer's, some psychiatric symptoms such as visual hallucinations and aggressive behavior like hitting or yelling may occur. Appropriate atypical antipsychotic drugs can be administered for treatment.

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Written by Tang Bo
Neurology
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How long is the lifespan of someone with Alzheimer's?

The causes of dementia in the elderly can be varied, with many diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and vascular dementia, all leading to senile dementia. Therefore, how long one lives may require specific analysis. If the dementia is due to cerebrovascular factors, the lifespan of the individual may be closely related to the primary disease, i.e., cerebrovascular disease. Dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease progresses with the disease and affects the patient's lifespan. In its advanced stages, when the patient can no longer take care of themselves, complications such as lung infections can further impact their lifespan. There are also other factors, which need to be assessed based on the evaluation of the disease.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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What can be done about senile dementia?

Once a patient is diagnosed with dementia, it is crucial to promptly visit a hospital for treatment. The doctor will conduct some auxiliary examinations based on the patient's medical history to rule out other diseases. If the diagnosis confirms dementia, firstly, family members must pay attention to care. The living abilities of patients with dementia decline significantly, and they may experience wandering, thus enhancing caregiving to prevent any accidents in the elderly; Secondly, it is essential to encourage the patient to engage in physical activities. Exercise can slow down the progression of aging and delay the further deterioration of dementia; Thirdly, it is vital to enhance communication for the patient, encouraging them to converse more with others, as interaction can slow down the progression of dementia; Fourthly, some specific medications should be administered for treatment. These drugs mainly include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists, which current research confirms can alleviate certain symptoms of dementia.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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Causes of Alzheimer's Disease in the Elderly

The causes of dementia in the elderly are not currently completely clear. Dementia in the elderly is mainly divided into familial and sporadic types. Familial dementia shows autosomal dominant inheritance, which is caused by a gene mutation on chromosome 21 leading to the accumulation of some toxins, resulting in the death of neurons and causing dementia fundamentally due to genetic mutations. However, most cases of dementia are sporadic and do not have a clear family history. The mechanisms and reasons for disease onset are not particularly clear. Some believe that abnormalities in cerebral vascular function may lead to neuronal cell functional disorders, resulting in decreased ability to clear certain cell toxins, thus leading to neuronal apoptosis and death, and consequently impaired cognitive functions. In addition, factors such as oxidative stress, inflammatory mechanisms, excessive fatigue, and emergency stress may also cause cell death. Overall, the causes of dementia in the elderly are not particularly clear.