What is dementia called?

Written by Tang Bo
Neurology
Updated on September 06, 2024
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The commonly mentioned senile dementia, also known as Alzheimer's disease, is the most common type of dementia. Its incidence generally increases in people over the age of 65 and continues to increase with age. It is a degenerative disease, with risk factors including age and gender, usually higher in women than in men. It is also related to educational level, whether there has been trauma, genetics, thyroid function, exposure to toxic substances, as well as vascular factors. Diabetes and depression are also risk factors for senile dementia.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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What is the greatest fear in Alzheimer's disease?

Dementia in the elderly is a common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. It is a clinical syndrome caused by the irreversible death of brain neurons due to various factors. Initially, the main symptom in patients is impaired memory function, which at this stage does not significantly affect work and life, and is not overly concerning. As the disease progresses, the cognitive functions of the elderly, including visuospatial skills, calculation abilities, and executive functions, are notably impaired. Changes in personality and behavior also occur. What is most feared in dementia? It is particularly concerning when elderly individuals go out on their own and then cannot find their way home, leading to situations where they may become lost. If the elderly are unable to find adequate food outdoors, or if the weather is too cold or too hot, their life safety can be severely threatened. Additionally, dementia patients might inadvertently turn on the gas at home and forget to turn it off, which can easily lead to accidents. These are the most feared incidents related to dementia in the elderly.

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Written by Tang Li Li
Neurology
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Methods for Examining Dementia in the Elderly

The examination of dementia mainly includes the following aspects. First, it is to determine whether the patient has cognitive impairment, because in the early stages of dementia this impairment is often mild, primarily in recent memory, with other aspects not yet obvious. Early screening can use some cognitive evaluation scales, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, chosen according to the patient's cultural level. Second, imaging examination, commonly using brain MRI, can reveal significant signs of dementia such as deepened brain sulci, narrowed gyri, and widened lateral fissures, indicating brain atrophy. Third, genetic testing for the APOE gene, which may be related to dementia. Possession of this gene may increase the likelihood of developing dementia in the future, serving as an auxiliary diagnostic measure.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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What to eat for senile dementia

For patients with dementia, it is recommended to take some cholinesterase inhibitors, which can increase the content of acetylcholine in the brain and have certain effects on improving cognitive functions. Additionally, consuming NMDA receptor antagonists can also help improve cognition. In terms of diet, it is advised that patients eat more foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids, such as fish, shrimp, and olive oil. It's also beneficial to consume plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits, which are rich in vitamin C and can help combat oxidative stress. Drinking more milk and eating foods rich in B vitamins, mainly whole grains, is also recommended. (Medication should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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Can senile dementia be cured?

Dementia in the elderly is a clinical syndrome caused by the irreversible death of neurons. So far, the mechanism of the disease is not particularly clear, making it very difficult to cure dementia completely. However, there are some corresponding treatment methods that can delay the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients as much as possible. These treatments mainly include exercise therapy, which involves getting patients to participate in appropriate physical activities that can promote cognitive development. In addition, letting patients listen to music more often, interact more with others, and continue learning can also delay the progression of aging. Furthermore, there are some medications that can improve the symptoms of dementia. Currently, the most commonly used worldwide are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, which can increase the levels of acetylcholine and thereby improve cognitive function to some extent and slow the progression of the disease. Additionally, if elderly individuals exhibit some psychiatric symptoms, they can also be given some atypical antipsychotic medications to alleviate the condition.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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Causes of Dementia

At present, the specific causes and mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease are not very clear, but they are mainly divided into two categories. The first category is hereditary, where some Alzheimer's disease cases have a clear family history and involve some genetic mutations. These genetic mutations lead to the deposition of abnormal proteins within neurons, causing irreversible neuronal death, which is the main reason for familial Alzheimer’s disease. The second category is sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, for which no clear pathogenesis has been identified. Research suggests that factors such as oxidative stress, trauma, cerebrovascular disease, cerebral ischemia, and other factors, including metabolic conditions leading to dementia, are related to the occurrence of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the causes of Alzheimer’s disease include two main categories: the first is caused by genetic mutations, and the second is caused by various adverse factors leading to neuronal death.