The difference between cerebral atrophy and cerebellar atrophy.

Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
Updated on September 04, 2024
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Whether it is cerebral atrophy or cerebellar atrophy, these are concepts in imaging. They are generally detected through cranial CT or MRI scans, resulting in such diagnoses in imaging reports. Generally, cerebral atrophy mainly refers to the atrophy of the cerebral cortex, which includes areas like the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampus, and parietal lobe. The cerebral cortex is closely related to cognitive functions, movement, sensation, and emotions of the limbs. Patients with cerebral atrophy typically show a decline in intelligence, slow reactions, and dysfunction of bladder and bowel control, etc. The cerebellum mainly coordinates the body's integrative movements and ensures the fluent execution of limb movements. Therefore, cerebellar atrophy primarily leads to symptoms of ataxia, like finger tremors and unsteady walking.

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Symptoms of cerebral atrophy

Mild cerebral atrophy may not present any clinical symptoms, and many elderly people show some degree of cerebral atrophy during imaging examinations, which should not be overly worrying. If the cerebral atrophy is more pronounced, it mainly manifests as cognitive dysfunction, such as a decline in memory, reduced computational abilities, diminished executive functions, and possibly the inability to perform complex movements, such as being unable to brush one's teeth or dress oneself. In severe cases, individuals may experience personality changes, becoming irritable, easily angered, suspicious, and may even exhibit psychiatric symptoms, primarily hallucinations.

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Does cerebellar atrophy cause dizziness?

Patients with cerebellar atrophy may experience dizziness. In clinical practice, multiple system atrophy that leads to cerebellar degeneration and spinal cerebellar ataxia often present with symptoms of dizziness. Generally, dizziness is very common when there is a lesion in the cerebellum. However, some patients may show significant cerebellar atrophy on imaging but actually do not exhibit symptoms of dizziness. Therefore, the condition can vary from person to person. There are many causes of cerebellar atrophy, including some cerebrovascular diseases that can lead to cerebellar atrophy, with symptoms such as dizziness and ataxia. The key to treating cerebellar atrophy is to properly identify and address the underlying cause.

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Can cerebral atrophy be cured?

Brain cells are irreversible, and once they die, they cannot regenerate. If brain atrophy occurs, it means that some brain cells have necrosed, and complete recovery is impossible. However, some patients with brain atrophy have no clinical symptoms because the brain's compensatory function is relatively strong. The usual causes of brain atrophy include the following. Firstly, Alzheimer's disease, which is the most common cause of dementia. Patients exhibit cortical brain atrophy, especially in areas such as the temporal lobes, frontal lobes, and hippocampus. Treatment is primarily symptomatic, and curing the disease is very difficult. Another cause is cerebrovascular disease. Long-term cerebral ischemia and arterial stenosis can also lead to brain atrophy. It is crucial to actively improve circulation and use anti-atherosclerosis medications for treatment. Additionally, some toxic encephalopathies, leukoencephalopathies, and drug toxicities can also cause brain atrophy. (Specific medications should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Does cerebellar atrophy cause confusion?

Cerebellar atrophy primarily affects the coordination functions of patients, leading to symptoms such as unstable walking and unsteady handling of objects with the hands. This condition does not have a significant connection with human consciousness, and does not affect the reticular structure of the brainstem or the cerebral cortex. Therefore, patients with cerebellar atrophy do not experience confusion or cognitive impairments. If a patient with cerebellar atrophy does exhibit confusion, it is important to consider other possible causes, such as electrolyte disturbances due to poor food intake or concurrent diseases, such as cerebral cortex thrombosis, hemorrhage, or brainstem infarction. It is necessary to conduct additional laboratory tests and cranial magnetic resonance imaging to confirm these conditions.

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Is cerebellar atrophy hereditary?

Whether cerebellar atrophy is hereditary depends on the cause of the atrophy. In neurology, there is a disease called spinocerebellar ataxia, which is caused by genetic mutations and results in significant ataxic symptoms. The imaging studies show cerebellar atrophy. This disease can be inherited, so it is important to conduct prenatal counseling to promote eugenics. Cerebellar atrophy caused by other reasons is not hereditary. For example, if the atrophy is due to neurodegenerative disease such as multiple system atrophy, there is no clear genetic tendency. If the atrophy is caused by a cerebellar infarction, it is also not hereditary.