Pneumothorax should be seen by which department?

Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
Updated on April 14, 2025
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If it is the patient's first pneumothorax occurrence and they are relatively young with no obvious lung bullae on the surface of their lungs, then seeing the emergency department should be sufficient to resolve the issue. Generally, if less than 20% of the lung is compressed, the patient can simply breathe oxygen at home or at a community hospital to gradually recover. However, if the patient is older and the degree of pneumothorax exceeds 20%, even reaching above 30%, it is advisable to insert a small tube between one and two millimeters into the pleural cavity to extract the air. At this point, it is recommended to consult thoracic surgery. After the air is released, a CT scan is also necessary to check for obvious lung bullae or small tears on the lung surface. If a small tear is found, it is best to use minimally invasive thoracoscopy to suture or seal the tear to prevent recurrence. Therefore, if possible, directly consider consulting thoracic surgery for pneumothorax; if thoracic surgery is not available, then consider seeing the emergency department.

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Written by Han Shun Li
Pulmonology
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Is pneumothorax the same as emphysema?

Pneumothorax and emphysema can both manifest symptoms such as chest tightness, difficulty breathing, and coughing. However, is pneumothorax the same as emphysema? Pneumothorax and emphysema are two different diseases. Simply put, pneumothorax is a pleural disease caused by a rupture of the pleura, while emphysema is a disease of the airways. When a lung is imaged for pneumothorax, the film shows lung compression. It is possible to see the external boundary of the compressed lung where pneumothorax is present, with no lung markings. In the case of emphysema, imaging shows that the thoracic cage is expanded, with widened intercostal spaces, and increased translucency in both lung lobes. Therefore, the differences between pneumothorax and emphysema are significant, and they are not the same disease.

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Written by Han Shun Li
Pulmonology
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Can pneumothorax recover by itself?

Pneumothorax is caused by a rupture of the pleura, allowing air to enter the pleural space. Patients often display symptoms such as coughing, chest pain, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. A lung radiograph can confirm the presence of a pneumothorax. Whether a patient with pneumothorax can recover on their own depends on the size of the pneumothorax. If it is a large pneumothorax, especially a communicative or tension pneumothorax, self-recovery is not possible, and treatment generally involves pleural puncture or pleural drainage tube placement. However, if the amount of air in the pneumothorax is small and the patient does not exhibit severe symptoms, then it is possible for the condition to resolve itself with bed rest.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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How to check for hemothorax and pneumothorax?

Actually, the examination methods for hemothorax and pneumothorax are quite simple. From their definitions, we know that hemothorax means the abnormal presence of blood in the pleural cavity, and pneumothorax means the presence of gas in the pleural cavity where it shouldn't be. Therefore, the simplest examination is an X-ray, a standard frontal and lateral chest X-ray, which usually costs about 52 yuan, can detect whether a patient has pneumothorax. As for hemothorax, of course, it involves the use of a syringe. After injecting some lidocaine local anesthesia into the patient, if blood is withdrawn from the pleural cavity, then it indicates a hemothorax. Thus, the first step in examining for hemothorax and pneumothorax is to perform an X-ray to check for the presence of gas. If gas is detected, then it is pneumothorax. If liquid is found, a syringe under ultrasound guidance can be used to withdraw it. If the withdrawal yields fluid, it indicates pleural effusion; if blood is drawn, then it indicates hemothorax.

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Written by Li Ying
Pulmonology
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How many days do you usually stay in the hospital for pneumothorax drainage?

This depends on whether the pneumothorax is a simple pneumothorax or is complicated by other diseases. If there are no other lung diseases present and it is just a simple pneumothorax, then typically, drainage by tube for 5 to 7 days can lead to a complete recovery and cure. However, if there are complications such as emphysema, pulmonary heart disease, pneumoconiosis, or lung infections, then it is necessary first to control the infections. During this time, the pneumothorax can easily become a communicating pneumothorax. If it lasts for more than 1 to 2 weeks, it may turn into a refractory pneumothorax. In the case of refractory pneumothorax, besides drainage, minimally invasive surgeries such as pleurodesis or pneumothorax occlusion procedures are required. These surgeries take time. Therefore, if a stubborn pneumothorax forms, especially when complications like emphysema are present, hospital stays often need to be 14 days or even longer.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Pneumothorax is more likely to recur in which season?

Regarding the seasonal issue of pneumothorax recurrence, the causes of pneumothorax vary among patients of different ages, so the seasons prone to recurrence are also not exactly the same. For young patients, pneumothorax tends to recur easily, often in thin and tall patients, usually related to recent colds and coughs, or intense physical activities like basketball, soccer, or seasons with more outdoor activities; these times are relatively more prone to recurrence. Particularly, the cooler seasons of spring and fall are also prone to recurrences. However, for elderly patients, the causes of pneumothorax recurrence are usually associated with smoking in older patients, or a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bullae. For these elderly patients, recurrences typically occur in the autumn and winter seasons. This is because the autumn and winter seasons are comparatively more problematic for patients with chronic bronchitis and obstructive lung diseases. Thus, pneumothorax recurrence in young people often happens more in the spring and autumn, while in older people, it occurs more in the autumn and winter seasons.