Causes of atrial septal defect in babies

Written by Wang Lin Zhong
Pediatrics
Updated on May 25, 2025
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Atrial septal defect is a relatively common congenital heart disease, which is related to genetic factors, environmental pollution, exposure to radiation during pregnancy, and viral infections.

The severity of atrial septal defect in babies varies. Babies with mild symptoms are generally not easily detected, often being discovered during physical examinations or when other diseases prompt stethoscopic evaluation, revealing heart murmurs. Babies with severe conditions may experience significant hypoxia after birth, exhibiting cyanosis, rapid breathing, cyanotic lips, weak crying, reduced feeding, with symptoms becoming more pronounced during crying. These babies have lower immunity, making them prone to recurrent respiratory infections, and in severe cases, can lead to heart failure. Therefore, it is important to provide extra care in daily life, ensure proper nutrition, enhance physical health, and opt for surgical correction as soon as conditions permit.

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Written by Di Zhi Yong
Cardiology
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Can babies with ventricular septal defect sleep on their stomachs?

If the child has an atrial septal defect, it is not recommended for them to sleep on their stomach because this position can increase the burden on the heart, leading to an overload of the heart. This is a type of congenital heart disease. Currently, surgical treatment is primarily recommended, as early surgical intervention can alleviate the symptoms in children. Patients with ventricular septal defects typically display signs of ischemia and hypoxia, which can affect a child’s growth and development. It is advised to periodically re-examine the heart through echocardiography. If the defect is relatively large, early surgical treatment is recommended. It is also important to actively prevent upper respiratory infections, which can be beneficial for the child. In terms of sleeping posture, it is not recommended to sleep on the stomach; the best position is lying on the left side, as this can help alleviate the burden on the child’s heart.

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Written by Tang Li
Cardiology
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Can a ventricular septal defect heal itself?

Traditional views suggest that the best age to close atrial septal defects (ASDs) is between four and five years old, during preschool. The possibility of spontaneous closure of atrial septal defects larger than 8 millimeters in diameter is very low. If the defect is less than 4 millimeters, there is a possibility of healing. Currently, it is advocated that if an atrial septal defect still exists after the age of one year, and there is evident systolic murmur and fixed splitting of the second heart sound, or if heart catheterization and echocardiography show left-to-right shunting greater than 1.5:1, indicating a defect diameter of five to six millimeters or more, early surgery should be pursued to stop the left-to-right shunt to avoid causing pulmonary hypertension and endocarditis.

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Written by Li Hai Wen
Cardiology
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Can someone with an atrial septal defect go swimming?

Atrial septal defect is not uncommon in our daily lives. Many patients with atrial septal defects often ask their doctor if they can swim. This has to be analyzed based on specific circumstances. If the atrial septal defect is not severe, and it's just a minor atrial septal defect, generally it does not affect the patient's daily activities, such as swimming or running. However, if the atrial septal defect is severe, especially if it has led to heart failure and heart enlargement, in this situation, one should definitely not engage in strenuous activities such as swimming or running.

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Written by Tang Li
Cardiology
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Is atrial septal defect common?

Atrial septal defect accounts for about 20%-30% of all congenital heart diseases and is more common in females. Many cases are mild in children and are not discovered until adulthood. Atrial septal defects can be classified based on anatomical abnormalities into patent foramen ovale, primary atrial septal defect, and secondary atrial septal defect. A patent foramen ovale generally does not cause shunting between the two atria. A primary atrial septal defect is located at the lower part of the atrial septum, is semicircular in shape, and is often larger, frequently associated with malformation of the mitral or tricuspid valves resulting in regurgitation. A secondary atrial septal defect is situated in the middle of the atrial septum at the fossa ovalis or near the superior and inferior vena cava. The symptoms of an atrial septal defect vary with the size of the defect; minor cases may be asymptomatic, while severe cases can result in heart failure.

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Written by Di Zhi Yong
Cardiology
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Can people with atrial septal defect run?

Atrial septal defect is a type of congenital heart disease. It is advised that patients avoid long-distance travel or running as these activities can increase the burden on the heart and also increase myocardial oxygen consumption. Surgical treatment is recommended for this condition. Patients with atrial septal defect may also experience symptoms such as palpitations and chest tightness, and a murmur can be heard in the precordial area. If the symptoms are severe, it is recommended that the patient primarily rests and avoids participating in sports activities, especially running. Running can require a lot of oxygen, or cause a rapid heart rate. A rapid heart rate can lead to increased myocardial oxygen consumption and may result in compensatory symptoms like palpitations, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. This situation is very dangerous and needs to be dealt with promptly; it is best to go to the hospital.