Syndrome of kidney disease with manifestations of calcium deficiency

Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
Updated on April 02, 2025
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In the state of nephrotic syndrome, if there is a calcium deficiency, it may cause the patient's limbs to twitch, especially sudden twitches and pain in both lower limbs during sleep at night, waking the patient from sleep. If calcium deficiency persists for a long time, it may lead to osteoporosis in the patient, such as osteoporosis of the femoral head, which presents with hip pain, and necrosis of the femoral head, potentially affecting the patient's ability to walk. In children, calcium deficiency may cause night-time convulsions, and external manifestations such as hunchback, pigeon chest, and square skull might appear.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Is nephrotic syndrome easy to treat in children?

The diagnostic criteria for nephrotic syndrome are a 24-hour urinary protein quantification exceeding 3.5g and plasma albumin levels below 30g/l. This is due to severe damage to the glomerular capillary network, which has many pathological types since there are various components to the glomerular capillaries, and damage to different components is referred to as different pathological types. Among children, the most common pathological types are minimal change disease and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. These two types are relatively easier to treat. Most children are sensitive to steroid medication. However, treatment becomes difficult with other pathological types, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, which shows less sensitivity to steroids. (Medication use should be under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Li Liu Sheng
Nephrology
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How to reduce swelling in the feet caused by nephrotic syndrome?

Swelling of the feet is a common phenomenon in nephrotic syndrome. Once swelling occurs, patients feel uncomfortable symptoms and a sensation of heaviness in their feet, so corresponding de-swelling treatment is necessary. How to reduce swelling? Firstly, a low-salt diet is essential to control salt intake, with daily salt consumption around 2 to 3 grams. In addition to this, small doses of diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone can be used. If the diuretic effect is not satisfactory, other more potent diuretics like furosemide may be added. Of course, the fundamental treatment for foot swelling in nephrotic syndrome involves the use of steroids and immunosuppressants. This treatment works by suppressing the permeability of the glomerular basement membrane and reducing protein leakage, thereby ultimately eliminating the foot swelling.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Causes of edema in nephrotic syndrome

Edema is a diagnostic criterion for nephrotic syndrome, as well as a major clinical symptom and characteristic of the syndrome. There are several reasons why patients develop edema. First, a large amount of protein leaks out from the kidneys, causing a decrease in the concentration of plasma albumin and a decrease in the colloid osmotic pressure in the plasma, which makes it easy for water to move from inside the blood vessels to outside, causing edema. Second, patients with nephrotic syndrome have increased vascular permeability, which also makes it easy for water to enter the interstitial tissues. Among patients with nephrotic syndrome, some are prone to acute renal failure, which further decreases the kidney's ability to excrete water, and these factors together lead to the common occurrence of edema in patients.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Nephrology
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Kidney disease syndrome is classified as what disease?

Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical subtype of chronic kidney disease. It can be diagnosed when there is significant proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, accompanied by edema and hyperlipidemia. This represents a severe stage in the progression of kidney diseases, generally requiring treatment with steroids and immunosuppressants. Nephrotic syndrome may have complications such as thrombosis, infections, hyperlipidemia, and acute renal failure.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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What to do if nephrotic syndrome causes leg pain?

Patients with nephrotic syndrome who experience leg pain mostly have conditions unrelated to nephrotic syndrome itself. It could be due to diseases of the skeletal or muscular system. However, some patients might experience leg pain due to thrombosis caused by nephrotic syndrome, leading to ischemia in the limbs. Also, long-term use of corticosteroids can lead to necrosis of the femoral head, osteoporosis, and pain. Therefore, treatment should be targeted based on the cause, such as using drugs to dissolve clots or interventional surgery for those with thrombosis. In severe cases of femoral head necrosis, a femoral head replacement surgery might be necessary, and it is important to supplement with calcium regularly.