Does nephrotic syndrome cause itchy skin?

Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
Updated on September 05, 2024
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Nephrotic syndrome generally does not cause itchy skin in patients. In patients with nephrotic syndrome, the glomerular filtration barrier is severely damaged, leading to a significant presence of urinary protein and edema, but itchy skin is a rare clinical symptom. If a patient experiences itchy skin, it is recommended to visit the dermatology department of a standard hospital. As such patients may have a disordered immune system, they are prone to various skin issues, such as allergic dermatitis and eczema, which might cause symptoms of itchy skin. However, these are not directly related to nephrotic syndrome.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Causes of edema in nephrotic syndrome

Edema is a diagnostic criterion for nephrotic syndrome, as well as a major clinical symptom and characteristic of the syndrome. There are several reasons why patients develop edema. First, a large amount of protein leaks out from the kidneys, causing a decrease in the concentration of plasma albumin and a decrease in the colloid osmotic pressure in the plasma, which makes it easy for water to move from inside the blood vessels to outside, causing edema. Second, patients with nephrotic syndrome have increased vascular permeability, which also makes it easy for water to enter the interstitial tissues. Among patients with nephrotic syndrome, some are prone to acute renal failure, which further decreases the kidney's ability to excrete water, and these factors together lead to the common occurrence of edema in patients.

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Written by Zhu Wei
Nephrology
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What should not be eaten with nephrotic syndrome?

Patients with nephrotic syndrome, if the patient has obvious edema, should limit salt intake to between two to three grams per day. It is suggested to consume foods rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as vegetable oils, as well as foods rich in soluble fiber, such as oats. They should also receive a normal amount of 0.8 to 1 gram of high-quality protein per kilogram of body weight per day, mainly from egg whites, milk, lean meat, and fish. Calorie intake should be sufficient, and patients with nephrotic syndrome should eat less salty and pickled foods and consume less animal fat.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Characteristics of Nephrotic Syndrome

The characteristic feature of nephrotic syndrome is that patients may experience edema, which is related to the nature of this disease. The essence of this disease is due to some reason that damages the glomerular capillary filtration barrier. As a result, when blood passes through the glomeruli, it leaks proteins from the blood. A 24-hour urinary protein quantification will exceed 3.5 grams, which constitutes a large amount of urinary protein. Consequently, a large amount of protein is leaked into the urine, causing the protein concentration in the plasma to decrease. This leads to a reduction in the colloidal osmotic pressure of the plasma, causing fluid to move from inside the blood vessels to outside, thus leading to edema. Therefore, the most significant clinical feature of nephrotic syndrome is the potential to cause edema, and severe cases of edema may elevate blood pressure, lead to pulmonary edema, manifesting as difficulty breathing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Can nephrotic syndrome be clinically cured?

Nephrotic syndrome, a disease that clinically cannot be completely cured, is a chronic illness with no concept of cure. However, with appropriate treatment plans, many patients can achieve effective relief. There are two criteria for judging treatment effectiveness: first, the patient's 24-hour urinary protein quantification is controlled below 0.5 grams, and even can be controlled below 0.3 grams. Second, the patient's 24-hour urinary protein quantification is reduced by more than half compared to the baseline value. Both scenarios indicate effective treatment, but achieving a complete cure is difficult.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Nephrology
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What tests are conducted for nephrotic syndrome?

Patients with nephrotic syndrome need to complete routine urine tests, 24-hour urine protein quantification, liver and kidney function tests, routine blood tests, electrolyte panels, blood glucose tests, and lipid profiles. Additionally, it is important to determine the cause of nephrotic syndrome, excluding the possibility of nephrotic syndrome caused by immune system diseases, including tumors, vasculitis, lupus, and other diseases. These tests include rheumatoid immune panels, antinuclear antibody spectrum, anti-GBM antibodies, ANCA panel, and immunoglobulins. Moreover, these patients should undergo kidney ultrasound, tumor marker tests, and thyroid function tests.