How to rescue sudden cardiac death from cardiogenic heart disease?

Written by Chen Guang Yin
Cardiology
Updated on December 22, 2024
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Firstly, the rescue approach for cardiogenic sudden death is the same regardless of the cause, whether it is rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease, malignant arrhythmia, or any other reason. If cardiogenic sudden death occurs, the rescue method is the same, which is to urgently perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). CPR includes chest compressions of at least 100 per minute, and these must be effectively carried out. Secondly, artificial respiration must be performed, at about fourteen to fifteen times per minute. These two measures are the primary measures in the rescue of cardiogenic sudden death caused by rheumatic heart disease.

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Written by Li Hai Wen
Cardiology
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What tests are needed to prevent sudden cardiac death?

To prevent cardiogenic sudden death, the following examinations are needed: First, echocardiography, which can preliminarily determine if there are any organic heart diseases, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, ischemic cardiomyopathy, or heart valve diseases. These heart conditions are significant causes of cardiogenic sudden death; Second, undergo an electrocardiogram (ECG), which can determine if there is an acute myocardial infarction, another significant cause of cardiogenic sudden death. Additionally, a Holter monitor test should be conducted to observe any serious arrhythmias within a 24-hour period; Third, blood tests, such as tests for cardiac enzymes and troponin. If there is a significant increase in cardiac enzymes and troponin, it is important to be vigilant about the possibility of an acute myocardial infarction. Also, blood tests for electrolytes should be done to detect any severe electrolyte imbalances, which are also significant triggers for cardiogenic sudden death.

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Written by Xie Zhi Hong
Cardiology
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The main cause of sudden cardiogenic cardiac arrest

70% of sudden cardiac deaths are caused by arrhythmias, often referred to as malignant arrhythmias, with the most common ones being ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. A small portion is caused by severe bradycardia. This condition is generally seen in patients with structural heart diseases, such as acute myocardial infarction, severe dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or patients in the late stages of valvular insufficiency or stenosis. It can also occur in patients with severe electrolyte disturbances, who are prone to malignant arrhythmias.

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Written by Xie Zhi Hong
Cardiology
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The difference between sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction.

Sudden cardiac death refers to the sudden death of a patient caused by various heart diseases. The most common causes include malignant arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia, severe bradycardia, significant valvular dysfunction, or the sudden occlusion of the coronary arteries leading to death. Myocardial infarction, on the other hand, refers to the sudden cessation of blood supply to the heart vessels, causing myocardial death and leading to arrhythmias or valvular dysfunction, which presents a range of symptoms in patients. Myocardial infarction can result in death in 30% of patients, but with medical intervention, the mortality rate can significantly decrease. Therefore, in cases of sudden cardiac death, the patients are already deceased. However, the mortality rate from myocardial infarction under natural circumstances is relatively high, reaching 30%. With current medical interventions, the rate of mortality due to sudden cardiac death can be reduced to less than 10%.

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Written by Xie Zhi Hong
Cardiology
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Is there a difference between sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction?

Sudden cardiac death refers to the death of patients caused by various reasons such as cardiac enlargement, ventricular aneurysm, cardiac valve dysfunction, arrhythmias, and cardiac infections. Myocardial infarction leading to myocardial death is just one type of sudden cardiac death, mainly due to insufficient cardiac blood supply, leading to arrhythmias, heart failure, shock, acute death caused by the formation of intracardiac thrombosis, or death caused by complications after a heart attack. Therefore, the range of sudden cardiac death is quite broad, including myocardial infarction.

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Written by Chen Guang Yin
Cardiology
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Golden hour for emergency treatment of cardiogenic sudden death

Cardiac arrest is now also a very frequent event. We have seen some reports of it occurring frequently at airports, train stations, and on public transport, involving middle-aged, elderly, or even young individuals. The golden window for emergency aid is 4 to 6 minutes, with shorter times being preferable. We say time is life because after 4 to 6 minutes, if effective circulation isn't restored, brain cells begin to die. Even if later resuscitation restores breathing and heartbeat, the individual may end up in a vegetative state. Therefore, within the shortest time frame of 4 to 6 minutes, external chest compressions, including opening the airway and artificial respiration, must be administered. The optimal window is 4 minutes, but no more than 6 minutes.