The difference between sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction

Written by Chen Guang Yin
Cardiology
Updated on September 08, 2024
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Sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction are both types of coronary heart disease, but they are different from each other. Firstly, having a myocardial infarction does not necessarily result in sudden death. Myocardial damage involves a large area of necrosis in the heart, and the patient may experience symptoms such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, chest pain, and sweating. The main symptom of sudden cardiac death is the abrupt cessation of vital signs, with breathing and pulse disappearing. This condition can be caused by a large and extensive acute myocardial infarction, but it can also be caused by other reasons such as electrolyte disturbances or malignant arrhythmias, which are different causes.

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Written by Chen Guang Yin
Cardiology
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Will there be any sequelae from cardiogenic sudden death?

So, sudden cardiac death is firstly a sudden event. Whether there are sequelae depends greatly on whether timely rescue was administered at the time of the cardiac arrest. If effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation is given within a short time, generally within 4-6 minutes, then the patient's vital signs including consciousness might gradually recover, and it's possible that no severe sequelae will remain. However, if the rescue is not timely, it's possible for the heartbeat and breathing to be restored but not consciousness, leading to brain death and a vegetative state. This is a possibility.

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Written by Chen Guang Yin
Cardiology
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Golden hour for emergency treatment of cardiogenic sudden death

Cardiac arrest is now also a very frequent event. We have seen some reports of it occurring frequently at airports, train stations, and on public transport, involving middle-aged, elderly, or even young individuals. The golden window for emergency aid is 4 to 6 minutes, with shorter times being preferable. We say time is life because after 4 to 6 minutes, if effective circulation isn't restored, brain cells begin to die. Even if later resuscitation restores breathing and heartbeat, the individual may end up in a vegetative state. Therefore, within the shortest time frame of 4 to 6 minutes, external chest compressions, including opening the airway and artificial respiration, must be administered. The optimal window is 4 minutes, but no more than 6 minutes.

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Written by Xie Zhi Hong
Cardiology
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Is there a difference between sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction?

Sudden cardiac death refers to the death of patients caused by various reasons such as cardiac enlargement, ventricular aneurysm, cardiac valve dysfunction, arrhythmias, and cardiac infections. Myocardial infarction leading to myocardial death is just one type of sudden cardiac death, mainly due to insufficient cardiac blood supply, leading to arrhythmias, heart failure, shock, acute death caused by the formation of intracardiac thrombosis, or death caused by complications after a heart attack. Therefore, the range of sudden cardiac death is quite broad, including myocardial infarction.

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Written by Xie Zhi Hong
Cardiology
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Does sudden cardiac death relate to coronary heart disease?

Some studies suggest that 70% of sudden cardiac deaths are caused by arrhythmias. Most of these arrhythmia-induced sudden deaths are associated with coronary artery atherosclerosis. Some are caused by acute myocardial infarction leading to sudden cardiac death. These are all caused by coronary heart disease. Therefore, sudden cardiac death is related to coronary heart disease. Thus, if coronary heart disease is suspected in a patient, it is crucial to perform early examinations and treatments to prevent the occurrence of myocardial infarction. Typical symptoms of coronary heart disease include intermittent chest tightness and chest pain, which can improve after a few minutes, and should therefore be taken seriously.

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Written by Zhang Yue Mei
Cardiology
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Does sudden cardiac death have a connection with overwork?

Sudden cardiac death is directly related to overexertion, particularly in individuals with coronary heart disease, congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, viral myocarditis, and heart rhythm disorders, especially those accompanied by heart failure. Excessive strain can increase the burden on the heart, exacerbate heart failure, lead to arrhythmias, and in severe cases, result in sudden death. Therefore, patients with structural heart disease must follow a doctor's guidance to routinely use effective medications for treatment, rest adequately, avoid overexertion, and maintain a low-fat, low-salt diet to minimize factors that increase cardiac load and prevent the occurrence of sudden death.