What does sudden cardiac death mean?

Written by Li Hai Wen
Cardiology
Updated on September 17, 2024
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Sudden cardiac death refers to the sudden mortality caused by heart diseases, and the reasons for sudden cardiac death primarily include the following aspects:

First, structural heart diseases, such as coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction; acute myocardial infarction is currently the most common cause of sudden cardiac death.

Second, certain ion channel diseases, such as Brugada syndrome, or long QT syndrome. These types of ion channel diseases often coincide with malignant ventricular arrhythmias, such as torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, thus leading to the occurrence of these fatal phenomena.

Third, severe arrhythmias, such as severe bradycardia or ventricular tachycardia related to structural heart disease, often trigger malignant ventricular arrhythmias, leading to death.

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Written by Li Hai Wen
Cardiology
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Cardiogenic sudden death is often caused by what reasons and how to avoid it?

The most common cause of sudden cardiac death is currently acute myocardial infarction caused by coronary heart disease. The following measures can often effectively prevent sudden cardiac death: First, maintain good lifestyle habits, such as a low-salt, low-fat diet, maintain good emotional health, avoid extreme emotions, quit smoking, limit alcohol consumption, and regular exercise is important. Second, active pharmaceutical treatment, such as in cases of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or diabetes, should be under the guidance of a doctor. It is crucial to use prescribed medications to lower blood pressure or blood sugar levels and control high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or high blood sugar. Actively managing these conditions can effectively prevent the occurrence of coronary heart disease.

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Written by Chen Guang Yin
Cardiology
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The difference between sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction.

Sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction are both types of coronary heart disease; they are classified under coronary heart disease. Sudden cardiac death is mostly caused by extensive myocardial infarction, with some patients experiencing it due to severe arrhythmias leading to sudden death. The primary clinical symptoms of myocardial infarction are typically those of coronary heart disease, including chest tightness, chest pain, and sweating. Sudden cardiac death can be triggered by myocardial infarction, but the two are not the same. Having a myocardial infarction does not necessarily result in sudden death, and myocardial infarction can be alleviated with treatment.

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Written by Chen Guang Yin
Cardiology
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How to Self-Check for Precursors of Cardiogenic Sudden Death

The majority of cases of sudden cardiac death are due to coronary artery atherosclerotic heart disease, causing extensive myocardial infarction, hence these patients often have precursors. Some individuals experience acute coronary syndrome due to inflammatory changes, leading to thrombosis; others, such as young people without any underlying conditions, might also experience this, often due to poor lifestyle habits like high stress and lack of sleep among other triggers. Most patients exhibit warning signs, including chest tightness, chest pain, and palpitations – symptoms of heart disease. When these problems occur, it is crucial to promptly visit a hospital for examination to determine if there are issues with the coronary arteries, and if so, to receive timely treatment and intervention.

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Written by Li Hai Wen
Cardiology
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Does sudden cardiac death have a relationship with hypertension?

Sudden cardiac death and hypertension are related, with the most common cause of sudden cardiac death being acute myocardial infarction, which leads to malignant arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation, resulting in sudden cardiac death. In addition, severe aortic dissection can also cause sudden cardiac death, and hypertension is often an important cause of coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, and aortic dissection. Long-term hypertension can lead to the occurrence of arteriosclerosis, resulting in the formation of arterial plaques or aneurysms, such as those occurring in the coronary arteries, causing coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, or in the aorta, often leading to the formation of aortic aneurysms. When an aortic aneurysm ruptures, it can cause aortic dissection.

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Written by Chen Guang Yin
Cardiology
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The difference between cardiogenic sudden death and cerebrogenic sudden death.

The concept of sudden cardiac death exists, but there doesn't seem to be an equivalent term for "sudden brain death." For instance, if a large cerebral hemorrhage occurs and the patient dies within a very short time, this is referred to as death due to cerebral hemorrhage, not sudden death. Sudden death is characterized by death occurring unexpectedly within just a few minutes. The main difference between these, I think, is time. Sudden cardiac death happens very quickly and unexpectedly, which is why it's termed sudden death. In the case of brain-related issues, such as a significant cerebral hemorrhage, especially in the brainstem, it can compress the vital centers, leading to rapid respiratory and circulatory failure, and eventually death. Compared to sudden cardiac death, there is a slight delay in brain-related deaths; they don't occur as swiftly, and I believe the major difference lies in the timing.