Acute heart failure refers to an acute episode or exacerbation of heart failure, presenting as acute cardiac insufficiency or acute decompensation of chronic heart failure. Acute heart failure can be divided into acute left heart failure and acute right heart failure. Diseases that can cause acute left heart failure include acute coronary syndrome, hypertensive emergency, acute severe myocarditis, etc. Diseases that can lead to acute right heart failure include right ventricular infarction, acute massive pulmonary embolism, and so on. Patients with acute heart failure may present with sudden severe breathing difficulties, accompanied by frequent coughing, coughing up pink frothy sputum, etc. In severe cases, patients may exhibit confusion among other symptoms. Treatment should be aggressive to improve prognosis, such as administering oxygen, diuretics, sedation with morphine, vasodilators, etc. Specific treatment plans should be determined by a specialist based on the cause of the acute heart failure. (Specific medication use should be guided by a doctor; do not self-medicate.)